The invention belongs to the technical field of mouse cerebral ischemia reperfusion models and discloses a mouse cerebral ischemia reperfusion model optimization and failure assessment method. A mousecerebral ischemia reperfusion model optimization and failure assessment system comprises a video monitoring module, a time module, a master control module, an anesthesia module, a sterilization module, a cutting module, an insertion module, a pulling-out module, a cerebral blood vessel three-dimensional structure module, a symptom monitoring module and a display module. By the cerebral blood vessel three-dimensional structure module for displaying cerebral blood vessel conditions after mouse cerebral ischemia reperfusion, effectiveness in division of cerebral blood vessel thick branches can be achieved, and cerebral blood vessel tiny structures can be extracted accurately. In addition, by intraoperative monitoring of vital signs including the body temperature, pulse, breath and blood pressure, the mouse survival rate is increased; by the postsurgical symptom monitoring module, quantitative assessment of neurological function damages after mouse cerebral ischemia reperfusion can be given, and important significance to cerebral arterial thrombosis prevention, curative effect assessment and the like is achieved.