The invention relates to a power transmission line forest fire monitoring method and system based on remote sensing data cloud detection, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission lineforest fire monitoring. The method comprises the steps of remote sensing data acquisition, cloud layer detection, potential fire point identification, absolute fire point threshold detection, fire point detection based on a background information method, solar flare elimination and the like. According to the method, the forest fire information can be quickly and accurately obtained from the obtained remote sensing image, false detection and missing detection are reduced, the forest fire near the power transmission line is monitored, the comprehensiveness of forest fire monitoring of the powertransmission line can be effectively improved, coping measures can be conveniently taken in time, and greater loss is avoided.