The invention discloses a novel lower extremity exoskeleton rehabilitation training device and a training method; in accordance with problems on efficiently and safely recovering the walking capacity of lower extremities of a patient, enhancing the adaptability of the training device and other problems in a human lower extremity rehabilitation training process, the rehabilitation training device disclosed by the invention can achieve all-directional rehabilitation training with five freedom degrees of motion on the human lower extremities. The rehabilitation device is added with angle, displacement and pressure sensors, and by detecting related motion parameters of the patient, self-adaptive adjustment is achieved; and since lower extremity exoskeleton, width regulating and height regulating mechanisms and an anti-gravity treadmill are subjected to modular design, training intensity and amplitude can be regulated in accordance with the figure of the rehabilitation patient as well as a rehabilitation progress, so that adaptability is enhanced. By integrating the designed lower extremity exoskeleton on the anti-gravity treadmill, the comfort of the patient in the rehabilitation training is enhanced, and meanwhile, the effect of the rehabilitation training is improved as well.