The invention provides a seismic wave attenuation and velocity dispersion prediction method in a complex heterogeneous reservoir medium, which belongs to the field of hydrocarbon fossil energy exploration and development. The method includes: (1) carrying out a two-dimensional petrophysical modeling for the reservoir rock unit according to the lithology, fluid-bearing properties, and fluid saturation Sg of the heterogeneous reservoir medium; (2) obtaining the physical model in step (1). In modeling, a conventional two-dimensional seismic wave propagation simulation numerical experiment is implemented, and the propagation of elastic waves in the reservoir medium is realized by applying a point source, the stress field and velocity field of each time layer are obtained, and the strain field at any point in space is obtained. ; (3) When the conventional two-dimensional seismic wave propagation simulation numerical experiment is completed, record the time records of the stress field and strain field; (4) Calculate the average stress and strain fields of the REV element based on the macroscopic averaging principle, where ψ∈{τxx, τzz , εxx, εzz}.