631results about How to "Reduced insertion loss" patented technology

A thin-film piezoelectric resonator including a substrate (6); a piezoelectric layer (2), a piezoelectric resonator stack (12) with a top electrode (10) and bottom electrode (8), and a cavity (4). The piezoelectric resonator stack (12) has a vibration region (40) where the top electrode and bottom electrode overlap in the thickness direction, and the vibration region comprises a first vibration region, second vibration region, and third vibration region. When seen from the thickness direction, the first vibration region is present at the outermost side, the third vibration region is present at the innermost side and does not contact the first vibration region, and the second vibration region is interposed between the first vibration region and third vibration region. The resonance frequency of the primary thickness-longitudinal vibration of the vibration region (40) is f₁ at the first vibration region, is f₂ at the third vibration region, wherein f₁ and f₂ satisfy a relationship of f₁<f₂, and is a value between f₁ and f₂ at the second vibration region, said value increasing from the outer portion contacting the first vibration region to the inner portion contacting the third vibration region.

Agile frequency converter and method, IF-RF level exchange process, and notch filtering techniques. System noise and spurious levels generated by channel frequency conversion is reduced in applications requiring broadband combining of frequency converters to form multichannel composite signal. Converter employs two-stage frequency conversion process, with gain exchange system using variable pre-mixer gain and variable post-mixer attenuation to maintain constant RF output signal power level. For those few conversion frequencies where distortion component(s) cannot be filtered without degrading desired signal, IF-RF level exchange is optimized for meeting the carrier-to-distortion (C/D) ratio specifications at slight expense of noise level for that channel only, while still meeting aggregate combined carrier-to-noise (C/N) specification requirements. Optimal apportionment of level exchange for each channel depends on specific frequency rejection capability of spurious components and is matched to filtering capability and stored within non-volatile memory of a microcontroller used in the frequency converter.

A dielectrically-loaded loop antenna with a cylindrical dielectric core, a feeder structure passing axially through the core, a sleeve balun encircling one end portion of the core and helical antenna elements extending from a feed connection with the feeder structure at the other end of the core to the rim of the balun. The antenna elements are arranged as a pair of laterally opposed groups of conductive elongate helical elements each having at least first and second conductive elements of different electrical lengths to form a plurality of looped conductive paths. By forming at least one of the conductive elements in each group as a conductive strip with one or both edges meandered, such that the edges of the strip are non-parallel and have different electrical lengths, additional modes of resonance arc created, yielding an improvement in bandwidth.

The invention relates to a method for forming a self-aligned transition between a transmission line (1) and a module (2) to be connected to said transmission line (1). The invention equally relates to such a module (2), to such a transmission line (1), to an intermediate element (5) possibly to be positioned between such a module (2) and such a transmission line (1), and finally to a system comprising such a transition. In order to enable a simple and precise connection of a transmission line (1) with some other module (2), it is proposed to use matching solder particles (8) and soldering pads on module (2) and transmission line (1) or intermediate element (5) respectively, and to apply a reflow treatment to the joined elements (1) and (2) or (5) and (2), thereby forming a self-aligning connection. The invention is to be applied particularly to waveguide-to-microstrip transitions.

There are provided a transmission/reception switching circuit which is small in insertion loss and harmonic distortion and allows an increase in the output power of a power amplifier and an electronic component for communication on which the transmission/reception switching circuit is mounted. As an element composing a transmission/reception switching circuit in a wireless communication system, series-connected FETs or a multi-gate FET are used in place of a diode. Gate resistors connected between the individual gate terminals and a control terminal are designed to have resistance values which become progressively smaller from the gate to which a highest voltage is applied toward the gate to which a lowest voltage is applied.

A layout of a wireless communication circuit on a printed circuit board (PCB), which is a rectangular board wherein a first side is a Y-axis and a second side is an X-axis. The layout has a first antenna located at a corner between the first side and the second side. An antenna switch and a first filter are located at middle y-coordinate and a X-coordinate. A RF integrated circuit (RFIC) is located after the first filter. A first regulator is located near the second side and higher than the RFIC. A media access control (MAC) is located at about a middle y-coordinate and higher than the first regulator. An oscillator is located at a corner between the second side and the third side. A second regulator is located near the fourth side and above the first regulator. A power amplifier is located near the fourth side above the RFIC. A second filter and a transmitting/receiving (T/R) switch are located before the power amplifier. A second antenna is located at a corner between the first side and the fourth side.

A resonator, a filter, and a duplexer are provided which are capable of very effectively suppressing the power loss caused by the edge effect, and which allow a great reduction in the overall size to be achieved. Also, a communication device including the above-mentioned filter or duplexer is provided. A ground electrode is formed over the bottom surface of a dielectric substrate, and a multiple spiral line pattern is formed on the top surface thereof. A radial line pattern is further formed on this surface with an insulation layer interposed therebetween. By thus disposing the radial pattern adjacently to the multiple spiral resonator constituted of the above-mentioned multiple spiral line, an electrostatic capacitance is added to the multiple spiral resonator. This reduces the occupation area of the resonator on the substrate, and improves the loss reduction effect.

An optical switch enabling optical communications between an input port and an output port of an optical waveguide by minimizing loss error of an optical signal without using a collimator comprised of a separate mediate optical waveguide, lens or the like is provided. The multi-channel optical switch, which changes optical paths, includes four pairs of input optical waveguides and output optical waveguide arranged in parallel to each other, the first pair of input optical waveguide and output optical waveguide facing the second pair of input optical waveguide and output optical waveguide at an angle of 90 degrees, the first input optical waveguide being installed to correspond to the second output optical waveguide, four mirrors installed to enter in optical path directions between the four pairs of input optical waveguides and output optical waveguides, thereby changing the optical paths, and a mirror actuator for selectively operating the entering of the mirror.

A digital step attenuator with thermometer encoded attenuator stages is disclosed. In one embodiment, Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description may include a digital step attenuator, programmable thermometer encoded attenuator stages, the digital step attenuator may include a cascade of programmable thermometer encoded attenuator stages. Each stage may be provided by a programmable impedance array including a plurality of impedances arranged in parallel. The impedance of each of the plurality of each stage may change monotonically by switchably inserting or removing one of the plurality of impedances in the arrays. The control circuit may govern the attenuation level of each of the thermometer encoded accumulator stages as a function of a thermometric codeword, which controls the switches in the arrays.

A multi-wire wire-bonding structure suitable for a high frequency signal comprises a first electronic device, a second electronic device, a chip pad and a plurality of metal wires. The first electronic device is attached to the second electronic device with the chip pad. As a result, the first electronic device and the second electronic device form a stair-like structure. A plurality of bonding pads comprises at least one signal bonding pad and grounded bonding pads. The signal bonding surface is surrounded by the ground bonding pads. All the bonding pads are located at the surface of the first electronic device. The chip pad carries the first electronic device and the exceeding part is a ring grounded bonding pad which surrounds the first electronic device. The second electronic device carries the chip pad and a margin of the second electronic device is exceeding the chip pad. There are several leads on the margin of the second electronic device in corresponding to the ground bonding pads and the signal bonding pad. Metal wires comprise a signal wire and grounding wires. The bonding pads of the first electronic device are classified as the first row bonding pads which is close to the ring ground bonding surface and the second row bonding pads which is away from the ring ground bonding surface. The signal wire electrically connects to the signal bonding pads and the corresponding lead. The ground wires electrically connect to the first row bonding pads and the ring ground bonding surface.

A resonator includes a hollow dielectric element having a hole therein, a helical line unit including a plurality of helical lines formed in the hole, and a ground electrode formed on an outer surface of the dielectric element.

A thin film piezoelectric device includes a substrate (12) having via holes (22) and a piezoelectric laminated structure (14) consisting of a lower electrode (15), a piezoelectric film (16), and an upper electrode (17) formed on the substrate (12) via an insulation layer (13). A plurality of thin film piezoelectric resonators (210, 220) are formed for the via holes (22). The piezoelectric laminated structure (14) includes diaphragms (23) located to face the via holes (22) and a support area other than those. The thin film piezoelectric resonators (210, 220) are electrically connected by the lower electrode (15). When the straight line in the substrate plane passing through the centers (1, 2) of the diaphragms (23) of the thin film piezoelectric resonators (210, 220) has the length D1 of the segment passing through the support area and the distance between the centers of the diaphragms of the thin film piezoelectric resonators (210, 220) is D0,the ratio D1/D0 is 0.1 to 0.5. The via hole (22) is fabricated by the deep graving type reactive ion etching method.

An integrated transformer with a stack structure comprises a middle dielectric layer, a bottom dielectric layer, a first winding and a second winding. A portion of the first winding is disposed over a surface of the middle dielectric layer and the remaining portion of the first winding is disposed over a surface of the bottom dielectric layer. A portion of the second winding is disposed over the surface of the middle dielectric layer and the remaining portion of the second winding is disposed over the surface of the bottom dielectric layer. The second winding doesn't intersect with the first winding. The portions of the first and second windings over the surface of the middle dielectric layer connect with the remaining portions of the first and second windings over the surface of the bottom dielectric through via plugs.

A piezoelectric thin-film filter reduces insertion loss and deterioration of steepness of a shoulder characteristic and reduces the ripple in the passband. In a first vibration portion, a piezoelectric thin film is disposed between a pair of electrodes along one main surface of a substrate. In a second vibration portion, the piezoelectric thin film is disposed between a pair of electrodes along the one main surface of the substrate. The vibration portions are both acoustically isolated from the substrate. In the first resonator, an additional film is disposed outside the electrode constituting half or more the overall length of the perimeter of the first vibration portion that is in contact with the electrode when seen from a thickness direction. In the second resonator, the external shape of the vibration portion when seen from a thickness direction is a polygon, and each side of the polygon is not parallel with any of the other sides thereof.