The invention discloses a five-degree-of-freedom metamorphic multipurpose ship berthing device which comprises mounting seats, parallel berthing supports, elliptic chuck seats, magnetic chucks and electromagnetic brakes. When in berthing, the parallel berthing supports drive the elliptic chuck seats and the magnetic chucks to extend outwards from a hull, and a main ship hull is connected with a wharf or other hulls by electromagnetic force generated by the magnetic chucks after energization to realize berthing. When in unberthing, the magnetic chucks are powered off, the parallel berthing supports drive the elliptic magnetic chucks to retract into the hull. Three telescopic cylinders in the parallel berthing supports are double-acting cylinders or double-acting hydraulic cylinders, and the device has bidirectional pressure maintaining and vibration damping functions besides connecting, supporting and telescoping functions. Multipoint stable berthing can be realized by multipoint arrangement, collision force on the wharf, an offshore platform or other ships in berthing is greatly reduced, and berthing safety is ensured. The five-degree-of-freedom metamorphic multipurpose ship berthing device has the advantages of simple structure, high safety, good stability, simplicity and convenience in operation and maintenance and the like.