The invention discloses a detection system for detecting a temperature alarm. The system comprises a circulating air passage, a first evaporator, a heater, a first circulating fan, a pore plate, an air grid, a test working position and a test device, wherein the first evaporator, the heater, the first circulating fan, the pore plate, the air grid and the test working position are arranged in the circulating air passage in turn; the test device is arranged at the test working position and consists of a thermostat arranged in the annular space of the circulating air passage, a driving cylinder and a guide post arranged in the thermostat, a pallet which is sleeved on the guide post and in transmission connection with the driving cylinder and a test piece bracket arranged on the pallet; the circulating air passage is provided with an opening adapted to the test piece bracket; and when the driving cylinder drives the pellet to move upwards, the test piece bracket can make a test piece extend into the circulating air passage from the thermostat. The test piece is ascended and descended through the driving cylinder arranged in the thermostat without the assistance of a guide rod arranged in the circulating air passage so that turbulent flow in the circulating air passage can be effectively prevented. Therefore, the system has the advantages of high detection accuracy, high temperature rate, small temperature difference and high detection accuracy.