85results about How to "Quiet environment" patented technology

An automatic sample analyzer includes: a pipette, a pipette driving device which moves the pipette to a sample vessel present in a predetermined position to cause the pipette to suck up a sample from the sample vessel, and then moves the pipette to an open vessel provided in another predetermined position to cause the pipette to discharge the sample into the open vessel, and an analyzing section for analyzing the discharged sample, the pipette driving device comprising a vertically movable main arm and an elongated guide arm cantilevered by the main arm and extending horizontally, the guide arm having a smaller flexural rigidity than the main arm, wherein the main arm vertically moves the pipette when the sample is to be sucked up from the sample vessel, and the guide arm guides the pipette to the open vessel and then vertically moves the pipette when the sample is to be discharged into the open vessel.

An automatic sample analyzer includes: a pipette, a pipette driving device which moves the pipette to a sample vessel present in a predetermined position to cause the pipette to suck up a sample from the sample vessel, and then moves the pipette to an open vessel provided in another predetermined position to cause the pipette to discharge the sample into the open vessel, and an analyzing section for analyzing the discharged sample, the pipette driving device comprising a vertically movable main arm and an elongated guide arm cantilevered by the main arm and extending horizontally, the guide arm having a smaller flexural rigidity than the main arm, wherein the main arm vertically moves the pipette when the sample is to be sucked up from the sample vessel, and the guide arm guides the pipette to the open vessel and then vertically moves the pipette when the sample is to be discharged into the open vessel.

The invention discloses an automatic silent refrigerator with an inverter and a running control method of the automatic silent refrigerator with the inverter. The automatic silent refrigerator with the inverter is characterized by comprising a master control panel, an environment temperature sensor, an inverter compressor, a rotating-speed adjustable refrigeration fan, a condensate fan, a display panel, a photoelectric sensor, a wifi module and other elements for controlling the refrigerator to run. The photoelectric sensor is used for detecting whether it is day or night and judging whether the refrigerator enters in a silent running mode or not. Furthermore, the refrigerator wifi module can be remotely connected with intelligent equipment, the refrigerator is operated to enter in the silent mode, and the running time of the silent mode is set. Under the silent mode, the rotating speed of the inverter compressor, the rotating speed of the refrigeration fan and the rotating speed of the condensate fan are reduced through a certain control rule to achieve the aims of effectively lowering refrigerator noise and providing a rest environment for a user.

A motor assembly for a vacuum cleaner for providing a user with a quieter environment during a cleaning work, and a vacuum cleaner having the same, is disclosed. The motor assembly includes a motor generating a suction force, an auxiliary filter member disposed on an airflow path connecting the motor to a dust-collecting apparatus for filtering a second time the air discharged from the dust-collecting apparatus, and a motor casing. The motor casing includes a first chamber connected to the dust-collecting apparatus with the auxiliary filter member mounted therein. A second chamber is connected to a discharge opening of the cleaner body and includes the motor mounted therein. A connection path is in fluid communication with the first chamber and the second chamber.

The invention discloses a silenced air filtering device which comprises an air inlet pipe, a purified water tank, an air outlet pipe and a silencing device, wherein an air blower for inhaling outdoor air into the purified water tank is arranged on the air inlet pipe; the air inlet of the air inlet pipe is communicated with the outdoor space; the air outlet of the air inlet pipe stretches into water in the purified water tank; the air inlet of the air outlet pipe is formed in the purified water tank and is positioned on the water surface; the air outlet of the air outlet pipe is connected with the indoor space; the silencing device is arranged in the purified water tank and comprises a fixing plate; the purified water tank is separated into two cavities by virtue of the fixing plate; the lower surface of the fixing plate is contacted with water; multiple hollow conical protrusions are formed on the fixing plate; openings are formed in positions, which correspond to the conical protrusions, at the bottom of the fixing plate; and multiple holes are formed in the conical protrusions. According to the silenced air filtering device disclosed by the invention, the indoor air quality can be improved, the operating noise is effectively reduced, and a quiet environment is provided for people.

The invention relates to a manufacture process of a polyester / bast fiber elastic cushion, comprising: unpacking bast fiber material and polyester fiber material, opening and carding respectively, adding equivalently into a fiber mixing machine, mixing well, spreading the bast fiber and polyester fiber mixture into sheet layers, and stacking the multiple fiber sheets; adding the stacked fiber layers into a bellows, introducing flows of hot air into the bellows to thermally melt the polyester fiber, introducing flows of cold air to solidify the polyester fiber in the fiber layers and to adhesive and fix the bast fibers, such that crude fiber cushion material is obtained; subjecting the crude fiber cushion material to rough edge cutting and tailoring. The polyester / bast fiber elastic cushion provided herein is nontoxic and harmless, uses no glue, is friendly to the health of production staff and human bodies, and is nonirritating; the bast fibers are of three-dimensional disorder meshed structure in the cushion, elastic support of such structure provides uniform supporting force, the structure produces no noise when compressed, and a silent service environment is provided.

The invention relates to an air deflector assembly of an air conditioner indoor unit. The air deflector assembly comprises air deflectors rotatably arranged on an indoor unit housing, and the air outlet edge of at least one air deflector is a curved edge. Since the air outlet edge of the air deflector is a curve, the air guide distances at different positions of an air guide edge are inconsistent, and therefore, the frequency of air flow flowing through different positions is inconsistent, thus effectively reducing noise at the at outlet of the indoor unit, creating a quiet use environment for customers, and improving customer user comfort level. The invention further discloses an air conditioner indoor unit adopting the air deflector assembly.

The present invention provides an electric pump preferable for a vacuum pump for an electric vehicle, for example, as being capable of reliably reducing noise caused by motor vibration. The electric pump includes an attachment mount 51 supporting a pump 31 and a motor 1 in a state of being arranged between the pump 31 and a front end portion of the motor 1 to be a motor shaft 2 side and being penetrated by the motor shaft 2, a motor cover having a close-end cylindrical shape to cover the motor 1 while the opened end side is fixed to the attachment mount 51, a first elastic member 21 provided between a rear end portion of the motor 1 and a bottom portion 10 of the motor cover 8 in a state of being compressed along the axial direction of the motor shaft 2, and a second elastic member 41 in a state of being compressed along the radial direction having the motor shaft 2 as an approximate center, so that the motor 1 is urged to the attachment mount side along the axial direction of the motor shaft by the first elastic member and the motor is urged to the motor shaft side along the radial direction by the second elastic member.

The invention discloses an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Devices) based library vacant seat query system. The RFID based library vacant seat query system comprises an interactive module, a data processing module, a data storage module and a positioning module. Students send vacant seat query conditions through a vacant seat query intelligent terminal; the positioning information of the students, obtained through the positioning module, is combined after the query conditions are received by the data processing module; the vacant seat information is queried in the data storage module; a query result is returned to the data processing module; the query result is displayed through the vacant seat query intelligent terminal. Accordingly, the students can clearly query the remaining conditions and the accurate positions of vacant seats of a library through the vacant seat query intelligent terminal and accordingly the precious learning time of the students are saved and meanwhile the disturbance to other students due to the walking for looking for the seats is avoided.

A motor assembly for a vacuum cleaner for providing a user with a quieter environment during a cleaning work, and a vacuum cleaner having the same, is disclosed. The motor assembly includes a motor generating a suction force, an auxiliary filter member disposed on an airflow path connecting the motor to a dust-collecting apparatus for filtering a second time the air discharged from the dust-collecting apparatus, and a motor casing. The motor casing includes a first chamber connected to the dust-collecting apparatus with the auxiliary filter member mounted therein. A second chamber is connected to a discharge opening of the cleaner body and includes the motor mounted therein. A connection path is in fluid communication with the first chamber and the second chamber.

The invention provides a rotary sorting system and a use method thereof. Sorting and conveying branches are arranged at one side of a conveyer; sorting mechanisms, corresponding to the sorting and conveying branches, are arranged at the other side of the conveyer; a cargo automatic identification system is arranged corresponding to the sorting mechanisms; each sorting mechanism comprises a motor, a driving shaft and a rotating body, wherein the rotating body is transversely arranged and the middle part of the rotating body is fixedly connected to the upper end of the driving shaft, pushing rotating shafts are vertically arranged at two ends of the rotating body in a rotatable manner, the pushing rotating shafts are in transmission connection to the driving shaft, pushing plates are arranged corresponding to the pushing rotating shafts, the pushing plates are fixed to the corresponding pushing rotating shafts through connecting parts, and the cargo automatic identification system and the motors in the sorting mechanisms are connected to a processor. The rotary sorting system provided by the invention solves the problem that an existing sorting mechanism is relatively low in sorting efficiency, and meanwhile, the sorting machine is not limited by mechanical conveying equipment and can prevent other non-sorted cargoes from being intervened. The rotary sorting system and the use method provided by the invention belong to the sorting field.

The invention relates to the field of humidifiers, in particular to a mute ultrasonic humidifier with vibration prevention and noise reduction functions. The mute ultrasonic humidifier with the vibration prevention and noise reduction functions comprises a humidifier body, a shell and a plurality of damping springs, wherein the humidifier body is arranged inside the shell; one end of each damping spring is connected to the outer surface of the humidifier body, the other end of each damping spring is connected to the inner wall of the shell, and the multiple damping springs are evenly fixed to the bottom face and the side faces of the humidifier body; and the shell is composed of an inner shell body, a damping layer and an outer shell body from inside to outside in sequence, and the inner shell body and the outer shell body are both made of sound insulation steel plates. The humidifier body is arranged inside the shell, and the shell is made of a plurality of layers of sound insulation materials, so that noise generated when all elements inside the ultrasonic humidifier work is effectively consumed inside the whole humidifier; and meanwhile, the damping springs are arranged between the humidifier body and the shell, noise generated by vibration of all the elements when the humidifier body works is further eliminated, and a user enjoys a silent use environment.

The invention relates to the technical field of oxygen delivery equipment, in particular to a silencing oxygen humidification bottle. The silencing oxygen humidification bottle comprises a bottle body and a bottle cap with an air outlet and an air inlet connected with and extended onto an air inlet pipe at the lower part of the bottle body, wherein an upwards opened silencing shade covering the air inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the bottle body. According to the invention, with the silencing shade at the bottom of the bottle body, the bubbling sound of oxygen coming from humidifying liquid medicine can be better damped, so as to reduce the noise interference of the oxygen humidification bottle during oxygen delivery and keep ward quiet, and accordingly the situation that unhealthy emotions, including anxiety, of a patient are caused by the bubbling noise of the oxygen humidification bottle is avoided, so as to reinforce the curative effect in curing patient.

The invention relates to the technical field of indoor heating and ventilation, in particular to a control method of an intelligent comfortable cooling and heating household air conditioning system. The control method comprises the following steps: in a heating mode, valves of a capillary network and a ground temperature adjusting pipe network are controlled to be opened through a valve controller for heating; in a refrigerating mode, the valves of the capillary network and the ground temperature adjusting pipe network are controlled to be opened, meanwhile, water supply at the set temperature is controlled and provided through a water mixing temperature adjusting controller for cooling; when the control result of the capillary network and the ground temperature adjusting pipe network cannot meet the set requirement, a fan coil is opened in a linkage mode; and when the control result of the capillary network and the ground temperature adjusting pipe network can meet the set requirement, the temperature is controlled by controlling a proportional integral valve through the water mixing temperature adjusting controller in the heating mode, and the temperature is controlled by opening and closing the valves of the capillary network and the ground temperature adjusting pipe network in the refrigerating mode. Radiation temperature adjustment is mainly adopted, the temperature can be rapidly adjusted, the blowing feeling is reduced, and the comfort degree is improved.

The invention discloses an unmanned plane remote sensing emergency monitoring and command vehicle, including a roof platform, a parking air-conditioner, a satellite antenna, a climbing ladder, a chassis support, an external power supply, a power distribution room, body lights, travelling crane air-conditioner, driver and second driver seats, individual seat x 3, IPAD x 4, a touch display screen, a32'' liquid crystal screen, an interphone, a workbench, a device bracket, a partition, tail lights, a computer operation board, an equipment compartment, damping gaskets, a swivel chair, a 5 KW powergenerator, a working group equipment cabinet, a pull-push damping structure, a storage cabinet, a small liquid crystal screen, a loudspeaker, an individual folding seat, an awning, a conference maincamera, an equipment cabinet underframe, emergency communication equipment, a remote sensing data acquisition facility, data processing and output equipment, high-resolution satellite data push equipment, commanding and dispatching and news releasing equipment, and expert long-distance consultation equipment. Beneficial effects of the vehicle are that monitoring equipment required by remote sensing emergency monitoring and command is integrated in a compartment, the vehicle can comprehensively acquire and process remote sensing information in fixed points at fixed time, and provides visual data products and emergency solutions, and satisfies mobility and real-time property of emergency disaster rescue.

In order to improve the noise elimination effect in the teaching scene, especially to improve the noise reduction effect in a certain natural range, the invention provides an automatic noise elimination method in a teaching scene, comprising: (1) detecting the noise decibels within a predetermined area in the teaching scene; (2) comparing the detected noise decibels with a preset threshold value; and (3) subjecting the stationary noise source and the moving noise source to active noise reduction based on the comparison result. The automatic noise elimination method of the invention is capable of performing active noise reduction on the autonomous moving noise source and overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art in which the technical scheme which can only be used for noise reduction on stationary noise sources is not suitable for practical application, so that the user's noise reduction methods and scope control methods can be expanded, with a broad scope of application and stronger practicality.

The invention provides an environmentally-friendly transport vehicle for fresh and live aquatic products. The environmentally-friendly transport vehicle comprises a carriage, a solar cooling system isarranged on the carriage, the carriage is internally provided with keep-alive boxes with a water cycle device, and a solar power system used for power supply is provided; the water cycle device comprises a water pump, a water inlet of the water pump is communicated with the keep-alive boxes, a water outlet of the water pump is connected with a filtering and sterilization box, the filtering and sterilization box is connected with a cool-heat-exchanger through a foam separation device, the cool-heat-exchanger is communicated with the keep-alive boxes, and the water pump is connected with a controller. According to an inner-box environment monitoring system of the transport vehicle, optical fiber sensors are applied to measurement of oxygen, the temperatures and ammonia-nitrogen in water inan aquatic product transporting process, so that the transport environments of the aquatic products are accurately monitored in real time; according to the transport vehicle, the multiple keep-alive boxes are independently controlled, and the appropriate environments are provided for each kind of aquatic products, so that the transporting keep-alive rate of the fresh and live aquatic products is effectively improved.

A sample analyzer includes a liquid aspirator to be stuck into the closed container for aspirating a sample from a closed container; a preparing section for preparing an analysis sample using the aspirated sample; and an analyzing section for analyzing the prepared analysis sample; the liquid aspirator including an elongated pipe, the pipe having a liquid flow path extending therein and a plurality of communicating sections provided in an outer surface thereof, at least one of the communicating sections communicating between an inside and an outside of the container when the pipe is stuck into the container.

The invention discloses an intelligent air purifier comprising a purifier shell, a centrifugal fan, a filter and an intelligent regulation controller, wherein an air inlet is formed in one side of the purifier shell while an air outlet is formed in the other side of the purifier shell, the centrifugal fan is close to the air outlet, the filter is close to the air inlet, a silencer is arranged between the filter and the centrifugal fan, and the intelligent regulation controller controls the centrifugal fan to operate and is fixed outside the purifier shell. The intelligent air purifier has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation and high intelligent degree. The filter is used for purifying air, and thus the indoor air quality is improved greatly. By virtue of the silencer, the sound of the purifier is lowered greatly, and thus a quiet environment is created for people.

The invention discloses a beef cattle breeding method. The beef cattle breeding method comprises the steps that fine and coarse feed nutrition regulation and rail rotation feeding are carried out in month age stages according to the growth periods of beef cattle, wherein according to rail rotation feeding, one group of cattle are fed in every two adjacent small rails, five cattle are included in each group, the other rail is empty while cattle are fed in one rail, rotation of the rails is carried out once every 7.5 days according to the humidity condition of the ground padding of the rails, and the operation circulates in the whole feeding process until fattening of beef cattle is completed for slaughter finally. According to the beef cattle breeding method, the meat performance of high-grade beef cattle is improved with the methods of nutrition regulation, animal welfare improvement and the like.

The invention discloses an anion constant-humidity water filtering device which comprises a shell, a water tank, a water curtain device, a cylinder type air duct, a motor, a fan, an anion module, an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet is formed in the side wall of the lower part of the shell, the air outlet is formed in the side wall of the top or the upper part, a base is sealed; the anion module is arranged on the inner wall of the shell and at the inner side of the air inlet, an anion generator is arranged in the anion module, the anion generator is electrically connected with a carbon brush; the water tank is arranged at the lower part in the shell and is filled with water; the water curtain device is arranged in the middle in the shell and above the water tank, the lower end of the water curtain device extends into the water tank, the lower edge of the water curtain device is lower than the upper edge of water in the water tank; the water curtain device is a cone thick in upper part and thin in lower part, the water curtain device is hollow inside, and spiral and convex ribs are arranged on the inner wall; a plurality of through holes are formed in the wall of the water curtain device and between adjacent ribs, the through holes are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, water mist holes are at the lower layer, and large water drop holes are at the upper layer; the cylinder type air duct is arranged in the middle in the shell and at the periphery of the water curtain device, and extends into the water tank, and the lower edge of the cylinder typeair duct is higher than the upper edge of water in the water tank.

The invention relates to a home article and particularly relates to an infanette system. The infanette system comprises a bed body, a mattress, a heat reflection and anti-radiation peripheral protective sleeve of the mattress and heat reflection and anti-radiation infant swaddling clothes capable of adjusting a length. A mosquito net is surrounded by dual elastic force, has retractable hand entering openings, is made of flax, cotton blend metal fiber or silver fiber and has the function of radiation resistance. The mattress is sleeved with a full waterproof outer covering with a waterproof andglue-pressed zipper, and waterproof film lining combines natural material silk with flax and silver heat reflection points. The mattress contains an electromagnetic shielding layer having metal fabric and silver fabric, antistatic and grounded coils, a head punching frame made of silicone rubber material and an adult diaper paste position; the surface of the mattress has multiple leakproof diversion grooves; and core materials of the mattress use a large-hole core material sandwich structure and adopt a wire stitching connection mode.

A fan device with a vibration attenuating structure is disclosed. The fan device with a vibration attenuating structure comprises a fan and a frame covering the fan. The frame entirely covers the fan, and two opposing sides of the frame have an opening thereon. The openings are corresponding to blades of the fan to form the flowing path of the air. As above-mentioned, the frame performs as a buffering member for attenuating the vibration of the fan so as to prevent the noise generated by the vibration.

The present invention relates to an outdoor machine of air conditioner with loudspeaker for minimize the noise produced by outdoor machine. Said loudspeaker can be placed on the surface of compressor or placed on the surface of the baffle plate, and can produce the sound whose phase is opposite to noise produced by noise source compressor and fan so as to eliminate noise. The loudspeaker, best of all, adopts film plastic loudspeaker made of piezoelectric plastics. Said invention also provides the preparation method of said loudspeaker and its connection method with control box.

The invention discloses a building energy-conservation fire-protecting heat-preservation movable wall. The building energy-conservation fire-protecting heat-preservation movable wall comprises a main wall body, a locating boss and a locating groove, the two sides of the main wall body are provided with the locating boss and the locating groove respectively, the main wall body comprises a reinforcing board, a sound absorption filling layer, a first concrete adhesion layer, a fire-protecting heat-preservation layer, a second concrete adhesion layer and a decorative layer, the inside of the reinforcing board is filled with the sound absorption filling layer, one side of the reinforcing board is provided with multiple second dovetail grooves, the reinforcing board is connected to the second concrete adhesion layer through the second dovetail grooves, one side of the second concrete adhesion layer is connected to the fire-protecting heat-preservation layer in an adhesive mode, one side of the fire-protecting heat-preservation layer is connected to the first concrete adhesion layer in an adhesive mode, one side of the decorative layer is provided with multiple first dovetail grooves, and the decorative layer is connected to the first concrete adhesion layer through the first dovetail grooves. The building energy-conservation fire-protecting heat-preservation movable wall is reasonable and stable in structure, compared with a common movable board, the wall has good fire-protecting heat-preservation effects and a good sound insulation effect, the loss of indoor energy can be effectively reduced, and thus a user can have a quite rest environment.

The invention discloses a constant-humidity water curtain filtering system, which comprises a case, a water tank, a water curtain device, a cylindrical type air duct, a motor, a fan, an air inlet andan air outlet, wherein the case is of a tube with the hollow inside; the air inlet is formed in the side wall of the lower part of the case; the air outlet is formed in the side wall of the upper partor the top; the base is sealed; the water tank is arranged at the lower part inside the case; water is contained in the box; the water curtain device is arranged in the middle inside the case and above the water tank; the lower end of the water curtain device extends into the water tank; the lower edge is lower than the upper edge of the water in the water tank; the water curtain device is a conebody with the thicker upper side and the finer lower side; the inside is hollow; a plurality of spiral projected ribs are arranged on the inner wall; a plurality of through holes are also formed in the wall of the water curtain device and between the adjacent ribs; the through holes are divided into upper layer through holes and lower layer through holes; the lower layer through holes are water mist holes; the upper layer through holes are big water drip holes; the cylindrical type air duct is arranged in the middle part inside the case and on the outer periphery of the water curtain device,and extends into the water tank; the lower edge is higher than the upper edge of the water in the water tank; the motor is electrically connected with the water curtain device; the motor drives the water curtain device to rotate; the fan exhausts air to the outside.

The invention relates to a garbage can comprising an outer barrel. The outer barrel comprises a baseplate and side plates vertically arranged at the edges of the baseplate, and the top of the corresponding side plate of the outer barrel is provided with a connecting base; and a cover plate is hinged to the connecting base. The garbage can further comprises a holding barrel arranged in the outer barrel, and a regulating cavity is formed between the holding barrel and the outer barrel; and the bottom of the holding barrel is hinged to the bottom of the outer barrel through a hinge base, and a regulating spring is arranged between the holding barrel and the inner walls of the side plates. The inner wall of the top of the outer barrel is provided with a blocking ring of which the inner diameter is fit to the aperture of the holding barrel, and the holding barrel is arranged at the lower part of the blocking ring; and the cover plate is provided with a cigarette butt storage box. Accordingto the garbage can of this structure, the inner space of the holding barrel can be utilized effectively, and meanwhile the garbage can has a noise reduction function.

A communication robot for controlling an output device by performing an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and / or a machine learning algorithm in a 5G communication environment for Internet of Things (IoT), and a method for driving the same, are disclosed. Accordingly, the communication robot may control an output device based on a result of searching for at one or more output devices disposed in the given space and an operation mode of the communication robot, resulting in enhanced performance of the communication robot.

The invention discloses an anti-advertisement-plugging structure for hotel rooms. The anti-advertisement-plugging structure comprises a door frame, a room door, a room internal wall and a floor. The door frame and the room door are connected by a hinge. The lower end of the back face of the room door is fixedly connected with a mounting shell. A mounting slot is formed in the bottom of the mounting shell. The mounting slot is internally and slidably connected with a sliding plate, a limiting mechanism is further connected to the side wall of the sliding plate, a plurality of first springs arefixedly connected between the upper end of the sliding plate and the top wall in the mounting slot, and the end, away from the first springs, of the sliding plate is located outside the mounting slotand is welded with a horizontally disposed anti-plug block. An arc-shaped bump matched with the anti-plug block for use is fixedly installed on the surface of the floor. The anti-advertisement-plugging structure can prevent other people from inserting sales advertisements into the hotel rooms, thereby maintaining business image of a hotel, avoiding adverse effects on customers and reducing garbagepollution; and meanwhile, the sound insulation effect of the rooms can be improved to enable the accommodation experience of customers to be better.

The invention relates to the field of preserving wines in wine cellars, and particularly relates to a method for preserving wines in wine cellars. The method comprises the following steps that: a wine cellar is excavated at a quiet and hard-soil position, wherein the wine cellar is composed of a cellar mouth and a pit; wine is put into a wine jar and sealed, and then the wine jar is placed in the pit; the cellar mouth is sealed by installing a heat and sound insulating door; and a ventilation and drainage outlet communicated with the pit is arranged at the cellar mouth. The method disclosed by the invention is implemented by preserving wines in wine cellars, the environment is quiet, and the underground is completely away from light, thereby facilitating the alcoholization and precipitation of wines; wine cellars are built at hard-soil positions, so that the wine cellars are not easy to loose, and warm in winter and cool in summer, thereby creating suitable conditions for wine mellowing; and a channel is inclined at an angle of 7-12 degrees, so that water is drained more thoroughly, thereby guaranteeing the humidity of the pit.