The invention discloses a cucumber automatic cultivation system. The cucumber automatic cultivation system comprises a cross beam support, annular chains are connected to the two sides of the cross beam support through a driving annular chain wheel and a driven annular chain wheel, multiple bobbin winders are arranged on the annular chains at equal intervals, annular double-layer rails fixed to the lower end of the cross beam support are arranged in the centers of the two sides of the bobbin winders, a pressing device is connected to the bottoms of the bobbin winders through a suspending rope,an annular rail is arranged at the bottom of the pressing device, a pressing driving device cooperating with the pressing device is arranged at one side of the annular rail, a cultivation groove is formed in the annular rail, a pruning harvesting guide rail is arranged at the outer side of the annular rail, and a pruning harvesting robot is arranged on the pruning harvesting guide rail. An original manual work mode can be replaced, and the cucumber automatic cultivation system has the advantages of being high in planting efficiency and automated degree and good in planting quality.