A process for preparing unsaturated alpha, beta-alcohol from the carbonyl contained ketone or aldehyde compound includes mixing strong-alkaline compound with organic solvent, filling acetylene gas, dropping carbonyl contained ketone or aldehyde compound, reaction while stirring, solid-liquid separation to remove solid alkali, adding acidic compound, releasing unsaturated alpha, beta-ethynol, water washing to obtain liquid product of unsaturated alpha, beta-ethynol, vacuum distilling to obtain unsaturated alpha, beta-ethynol, and hydrogenating to obtain unsaturated alpha, beta-enol.