The invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicines and particularly relates to a medicine for treating and preventing the rheumatism of muscles and bones, which comprises a medicine for oral administration and a medicine for external use, wherein the medicine for the oral administration comprises the following components: sea otter, sea horse, Rhizoma Drynariae, antler glue, Herba Epimedii, fleece-flower root, Eucommia ulmoides, large-leaved gentian, Monkshood, Angelica sinensis, Caulis Spatholobi, Astragalus mongholicus, scorpio, frankincense, myrrh, earthworm, Sweetgum Fruit, notopterygium root, Radix Saposhnikoviae, ground beetle, Manis pentadactyla, pseudo-ginseng, gastrodia elata, rhizoma corydalis and Ligusticum wallichii, and the medicine for the external use comprises the following components: Alangium platanifolium, rhizoma smilacis glabrae, semen brassicae, Eupolyphaga, monkshood, radix aconiti agrestis, phryma leptostachya and curcuma zedoary. The medicinalmaterials are soaked to prepare medicated wine by using 58-62 degrees of white spirit after being ground into powder, and the two medicines are combined for use. The medicine for treating and preventing the rheumatism of the muscles and bones has an obvious effect and especially has an obvious curative effect on the rheumatism of the muscles and bones, such as rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion, lumbar muscle degeneration, Ankylosing Spondylitis, femoral head necrosis, arthroedema, sciatica, intermittent claudication, cervical vertebra ache and stiffness, amyotrophy, osteoproliferation, scapulohumeral periarthritis, arthritis, arthromeningitis and the like and has a wide application range, is economic and practical and is convenient to popularize.