143 results about "Cosmic ray" patented technology

A single crystal having the general composition, Ce2x(Lu1-yYy)2(1-x)SiO5 where x=approximately 0.00001 to approximately 0.05 and y=approximately 0.0001 to approximately 0.9999; preferably where x ranges from approximately 0.0001 to approximately 0.001 and y ranges from approximately 0.3 to approximately 0.8. The crystal is useful as a scintillation detector responsive to gamma ray or similar high energy radiation. The crystal as scintillation detector has wide application for the use in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, geology and cosmology because of its enhanced scintillation response to gamma rays, x-rays, cosmic rays and similar high energy particle radiation.

This application discloses a new, and useful computer implemented method and apparatus that can be used for the determination of SEU and SET disruptions in a cell or circuit, caused by ionizing particle strikes, including those caused by neutrons (cosmic rays), alpha particles or heavy ions. The method of the present invention includes a fast simulation tool (“TFIT”), which calculates the electrical effect of a particle's impact to a cell, or a circuit. The method is used to predict the soft error rate (SER) calculations and the FIT (number of failures-in-time) performance of designated test cell's design, depending on the type of particle environment specified. The method is designed to simulate the response of the cell or circuit to the stimuli caused by a particle strike. These stimuli are modeled as a “current source” placed between the drain and the source of each struck transistor.

Techniques, apparatus and systems for obtaining tomographic images of a volume of interest by using charged particle tomography detection systems.

Embodiments of the invention comprise a filler to block the radiation, and an organic resin, such as epoxy or modified cyanate ester. Fillers may comprise passivated Gadolinium and Tungsten. The Gadolinium may be passivated by atomic deposition of a nano-layer of silica or alumina. The passivation layer reduces the chemical activity of the filler while retaining the maximum attenuation performance of the pure metal. Radiation performance is optimized by reaching optimum material density, as density is proportional to radiation attenuation performance. The proportion of passivated Gadolinium to Tungsten may be selected based on the radiation shielding performance and environment for such species as X-ray, thermal neutrons, gamma and cosmic rays.

The present invention is directed toward the determination of soil water content and the water equivalent depth of snow deposited on top of the ground. The apparatus for measuring soil water content consists of one or more cosmic-ray neutron detectors located above the soil surface. The detectors record neutrons in the thermal, epithermal or fast energy bands. Snow water equivalence is determined by using a thermal neutron detector and an epithermal or fast neutron detector. Neutron count rates for all three energy bands decrease monotonically with increasing soil water content. Epithermal and fast neutron count rates decrease monotonically with increased snow water equivalent depth, but thermal neutron count rates increase at first and then decrease with increasing snow cover.

Effective radiation shielding is required to protect crew and equipment in various fields including aerospace, defense, medicine and power generation. Light elements and in particular hydrogen are most effective at shielding against high-energy particles including galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles and fast neutrons. However, pure hydrogen is highly flammable, has a low neutron absorption cross-section, and cannot be made into structural components. Nanocomposites containing the light elements Boron, Nitrogen, Carbon and Hydrogen as well dispersed boron nano-particles, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and boron nitride nano-platelets, in a matrix, provide effective radiation shielding materials in various functional forms. Boron and nitrogen have large neutron absorption cross-sections and wide absorption spectra. The incorporation of boron and nitrogen containing nanomaterials into hydrogen containing matrices provides composites that can effectively shield against neutrons and a wide range of radiation species of all energies without fragmentation and the generation of harmful secondary particles.

The invention discloses a method for removing cosmic rays in a charge-coupled device (CCD) astronomic image. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) performing sub-sampling on an original image I to obtain a sub-sampled image; (2) improving a Laplacian operator, amplifying the sub-sampled image, performing convolution operation on the amplified sub-sampled image and the improved Laplacian operator, removing a negative value, and recovering an original size to obtain a Laplacian image L'; (3) identifying cosmic rays in the Laplacian image L'; (4) removing the cosmic rays in the Laplacian image L'; and (5) performing image edge enhancement processing on the image in which the cosmic rays are removed by utilizing a fractional differential normalized Tiansi operator. According to the method, the identification rate of the cosmic rays is greatly increased, a part influenced by the cosmic rays in a star can be maximally retained, and the processing quality of the image is improved.

A method, operable in the presence of ambient cosmic rays, is provided for braking a craft upon approach to a planet, moon or other space body, e.g. in preparation for landing. Deuterium-containing particle fuel material is projected in a specified direction outward of the craft, which interacts with both the cosmic rays and their principal decay product muons to generate energetic micro-fusion products that produce a braking thrust on the craft for a specified trajectory. The micro-fusion products may push directly against the craft, e.g. upon a pressure plate, or upon a sail or parachute connected to the craft, to decelerate the craft. A prepositioned automated landing system at a landing site may project the fuel material toward the craft based on telemetry tracking of an incoming craft and likewise directly disperse the material cloud to form a braking cushion at the landing site. The micro-fusion landing system may be part of a site-to-site transport, where the craft was launched using either conventional chemical rockets or micro-fusion for accelerating thrust.

In some embodiments, a cosmic ray detector includes a cantilever with a first tip. The detector also includes a second tip and circuitry to provide a signal indicative of a distance between the first and second tips being such as would be caused by a cosmic ray interaction event. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

A system for protecting an electronic device from cosmic rays includes a frame in which the circuit is disposed, a cosmic ray detection circuit and a protection circuit. The cosmic ray detection circuit is supported by the frame and is spaced apart from the circuit. The cosmic ray detection circuit is configured to assert an incoming cosmic ray signal when a cosmic ray interacts with the cosmic ray detection device. The protection circuit is coupled to the incoming cosmic ray signal and is configured to cause the electronic device to enter a protected state when the cosmic ray signal is asserted.

The invention discloses a scintillation detector system for system trigger and waveform measurement and a method thereof. The technical problem that a single scintillation detector system realizes system trigger and pulse full-waveform measurement diagnosis during waveform measurement in a pulse radiation field is solved. The system has the following main characteristics: on one hand, the influence of cosmic rays and dark noise on the trigger function of a detector is effectively avoided by the adoption of a passive filter technology; and on the other hand, the influence of time-domain reflectometry caused by impedance mismatching on full-waveform measurement of the detector is effectively overcome by full utilization of the unique performance of a passive broadband attenuator in attenuation of both forward and backward signals. Meanwhile, a low noise amplifier is utilized to amplify signals, and it is guaranteed that signal amplitude of the line is unchanged. Thus, reliable trigger is guaranteed, and it is guaranteed that a filter circuit will not influence full-waveform measurement of another line. Efficiency of the detector system is effectively raised, and the system has a function of reliably monitoring running status at real time.

This invention is a method and apparatus for creating artificially ionized regions in the atmosphere utilizing ionization trails of cosmic rays and micro-meteors to ignite plasma patterns in electric field patterns formed by ground based electromagnetic wave radiators. The applications are useful for telecommunications, weather control, lightening protection and defense applications. The invention lowers the power requirements for forming artificial ionized regions in the atmosphere by a factor of up to 1600 times lower than those required in existing designs and projections for creation of artificial ionized regions in the atmosphere.

The invention relates to the technical field of triboelectrification, and especially relates to a triboelectrification and electrostatic dissipation detection analysis device for a space environment.The device comprises a vacuum system, a cosmic ray radiation system, an alternating temperature system, a sliding friction and contact separation friction integrated drive unit, and an electrostatic detection system. The device can achieve the observation and analysis of the triboelectrification and electrostatic discharge parameters of a material in the space environment in real time, and has a higher application value for the selection and design of the triboelectrification and electrostatic discharge and electrostatic resistant materials of a spacecraft.

The invention relates to a method, device and system for inspecting an object based on a cosmic ray, and belongs to the technical field of radio imaging and safety inspection. The method comprises the steps: recording the movement track of an inspected object through the record of monitoring equipment; obtaining the information of charged particles in the cosmic ray through employing a position sensitivity detector, wherein the information of the charged particles comprises the track information of the charged particles; carrying out the position according of the movement track and the track information, and determining the object; carrying out the track remodeling of the charged particles according to the information of the charged particles; and recognizing the internal material of the movement object according to the track remodeling. The method inspects a moving person, and can detect a nuclear material, narcotics and explosives carried by the person.

The invention discloses a device and a method for realizing high sensitivity detection on radioactive gas nuclide activity and solves a problem that cosmic rays generate coincidence background counting in a coincidence measurement system. The device comprises an inflatable beta detector, a gamma detector, an anti cosmic ray detector set and a digital coincidence circuit, wherein the beta detector and the gamma detector are arranged in a lead shield, the beta detector is arranged on the gamma detector in a bottom down mode, the anti cosmic ray detector set is used for shielding coincidence signals generated by the cosmic rays in the beta detector and the gamma detector, the anti cosmic ray detector set comprises five anti cosmic ray detectors which are respectively arranged at a top portion and periphery of the lead shield, output signals of the anti cosmic ray detectors, output signals of the beta detector and output signals of the gamma detector are respectively transmitted to the digital coincidence circuit to acquire gamma detector original spectra, anti cosmic ray gamma spectra, beta-gamma coincidence spectra and anti cosmic ray beta-gamma coincidence spectra. The device is advantaged in that radioactive gas nuclide detection sensitivity can be greatly improved.

A method and apparatus for reconstructing a track of cosmic ray particles, and an inspection method and inspection apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: detecting cosmic ray particles by usinga cosmic ray particle detector, wherein the cosmic ray particle detector includes at least one scintillator and a plurality of drift tubes, and charged particles in at least two of the plurality of drift tubes are drifted under the action of the cosmic ray particles; using at least one scintillator to record the time null point of the cosmic ray particles incident on the cosmic ray particle detector; calculating the drift time of the charged particles in the at least two drift tubes according to the time null point; determining positions at which the cosmic ray particles are incident on the at least two drift tubes on the basis of the calculated drift time; and fitting the track of the cosmic ray particles according to the determined positions at which the cosmic ray particles are incident on the at least two drift tubes.