35 results about "Muon" patented technology

A method and system for nuclear substance revealing using muon detection technique is presented. In some aspects, naturally occurred muons are selected from the flow of charged particles. Muon coordinate and incidence angle measured above and below the interrogated volume can be used for the decision making on the presence of nuclear substance inside the volume. The system is adapted for performing measurements on moving objects such as moving trucks. A combination of the nuclear substance detection system with an explosive sensing system is presented.

A method and system for nuclear substance revealing using muon detection technique is presented. In some aspects, naturally occurred muons are selected from the flow of charged particles. Muon coordinate and incidence angle measured above and below the interrogated volume can be used for the decision making on the presence of nuclear substance inside the volume. The system is adapted for performing measurements on moving objects such as moving trucks. A combination of the nuclear substance detection system with an explosive sensing system is presented.

The present specification describes systems and methods for the simultaneous detection of radioactive materials such as neutrons, muons and gamma rays based on thin gap chamber technology. A thin-gap chamber (TGC) is disclosed having a thermal neutron absorber material, such as 10B4C or 10B8C, which interacts with neutrons to emit heavy particles. The heavy particles, in turn, interact with the gas present in chamber to produce ionization that is converted into a measurable signal. The TGC is embedded in a neutron moderating medium. The detector systems are fabricated from commercially available construction materials and are easy to manufacture at a reasonable cost when compared to conventional He-3 neutron detector systems.

A method and system for high Z material revealing using muon detection technique is presented. The system measures muons' coordinates, velocities, incidence angles and leaving angles. Two series of detectors: one above and one below the interrogated volume are used. A muon trajectory deviation from an expected trajectory is used for the decision making on the presence of high Z material inside the volume. The muon velocity is measured using either a ring Cerenkov counter, a transition radiation detector or / and a threshold Cerenkov counter. The expected trajectory is calculated basing on known particle velocity.

Methods, apparatus and systems for detecting charged particles and obtaining tomography of a volume by measuring charged particles including measuring the momentum of a charged particle passing through a charged particle detector. Sets of position sensitive detectors measure scattering of the charged particle. The position sensitive detectors having sufficient mass to cause the charged particle passing through the position sensitive detectors to scatter in the position sensitive detectors. A controller can be adapted and arranged to receive scattering measurements of the charged particle from the charged particle detector, determine at least one trajectory of the charged particle from the measured scattering; and determine at least one momentum measurement of the charged particle from the at least one trajectory. The charged particle can be a cosmic ray-produced charged particle, such as a cosmic ray-produced muon. The position sensitive detectors can be drift cells, such as gas-filled drift tubes.

A method, operable in the presence of ambient cosmic rays, is provided for braking a craft upon approach to a planet, moon or other space body, e.g. in preparation for landing. Deuterium-containing particle fuel material is projected in a specified direction outward of the craft, which interacts with both the cosmic rays and their principal decay product muons to generate energetic micro-fusion products that produce a braking thrust on the craft for a specified trajectory. The micro-fusion products may push directly against the craft, e.g. upon a pressure plate, or upon a sail or parachute connected to the craft, to decelerate the craft. A prepositioned automated landing system at a landing site may project the fuel material toward the craft based on telemetry tracking of an incoming craft and likewise directly disperse the material cloud to form a braking cushion at the landing site. The micro-fusion landing system may be part of a site-to-site transport, where the craft was launched using either conventional chemical rockets or micro-fusion for accelerating thrust.

A method and system for high Z material revealing using muon detection technique is presented. The system measures muons' coordinates, velocities, incidence angles and leaving angles. Two series of detectors: one above and one below the interrogated volume are used. A muon trajectory deviation from an expected trajectory is used for the decision making on the presence of high Z material inside the volume. The muon velocity is measured using either a ring Cerenkov counter, a transition radiation detector or / and a threshold Cerenkov counter. The expected trajectory is calculated basing on known particle velocity.

The invention discloses a muon energy and track measuring and imaging system and a method. The system comprises a detected object, a muon track measuring sub system, a muon energy measuring sub system and a muon calculating and imaging sub system, wherein natural muon in universe passes through the detected object; the muon track measuring sub system is connected with the detected object for measuring track information of muon passing through the detected object; the muon energy measuring sub system is connected with the detected object for measuring energy information of muon passing through the detected object; the muon calculating and imaging sub system is connected with the muon track measuring sub system and the muon energy measuring sub system for comprehensively utilizing the energy information and the track information of muon passing through the detected object for reconstructing an image of the detected object. The invention has the advantages of high degree of information comprehensive utilization and good imaging quality.

The invention discloses a method for converting water into oil through high-density 6He, 3He and 4He cluster, which comprises the following steps: 1. preparing a porphyrin solution containing 5 percent of deuterium; 2. adding strontium hydroxide, bromine and iodine; 3. deoxidizing water; 4. making 4He in the water of an outer glass utensil be in an over-saturation state; 5. obtaining a certain number of 6He; 6. obtaining a certain number of muons; 7. synthetizing a porphyrin Hemu solution; 8. making the 4He reach the over-saturation state in the porphyrin solution; removing a system for circularly conveying 6He mixed gas, and sealing a hatch cover above the outer glass utensil; 9. adding the deoxidized water to a nested glass utensil, and regulating the injection speed of the water and the output speed of the oil; 10. periodically supplementing the porphyrin solution containing 5 percent of deuterium and exposing porphyrin by using muon beams; 11. preparing large amount of 6He by using 6Li powders; and 12. replacing 6Hemu and 4Hemu with 76Br atoms containing superdeformed halo nuclei 76Br.

The invention provides a muon imaging method and a vehicle-mounted radioactive material monitoring system. The muon imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, track reconstruction algorithm is used for carrying out reconstruction on muon angle measurement data, and an initial reconstruction image f0 is obtained; S2, the initial reconstruction image f0 serves as an initial value, algebraic reconstruction algorithm is used for iteration, and a reconstruction image fART is obtained; S3, several times of minimal total variation are carried out on the fART to obtain an image fART-TV; S4, the second step and the third step are repeated until a reconstruction image ft which can meet the preset quality can be obtained; and S5, the algebraic reconstruction algorithm is used for carrying out iteration on the ft and a final reconstruction image ffinal is obtained. Thus, radioactive monitoring can be carried out in real time, state changes of radioactive waste material in the transportation process can be particularly monitored, and thus hidden risks during the transportation process of the radioactive waste material can be reduced.

Establishing and growth of a lunar or planetary surface base involves continuing to use landing spacecraft as docked modules of the base for habitation and work. A first spacecraft is landed at a specified surface site then doubles as first module of the base. A second (and later third and subsequent) spacecraft is landed at the site a safe distance from the existing base modules then moved over the surface into a side-by-side position to dock with selected base modules. At least some of the landing, surface transport, and operational electric power is supplied by micro-fusion using ambient cosmic rays and muons interacting with deuterium-containing particle fuel material to generate energetic reaction products.

The invention discloses a method for efficiently producing a muon and a muon 6He atom and converting water into oil, which comprises the following steps of: 1. preparing an anhydrous porphyrin solution; 2. preparing or adopting a special bromine solution of superdeformation halo nuclei 75Br and 76Br containing two halo neutrons in the specific copper-arsenic mineral reserve of China; 3. doping tantalum powder into the bromine solution or doping tungsten powder into the bromine solution or doping tantalum-tungsten powder into the bromine solution; 4. selecting two strong oxidants which can be mixed; 5. selecting a surface active agent; 6. mixing materials prepared and selected from the steps 1, 3, 4 and 5 to prepare porphyrin He<muon> preceding liquid; 7. deoxidizing water to be converted; 8. filling the porphyrin He<muon> preceding liquid into a container which can efficiently prevent porphyrin leakage; 9. soaking the container containing the porphyrin He<muon> preceding liquid in water; and 10. supplementing the porphyrin He<muon> preceding liquid and hydrogen peroxide at regular intervals so that the porphyrin He<muon> liquid restores the normal water-to-oil catalyzing function.

An inner image generating apparatus includes a first receiver configured to receive an inlet track information and a first passage time of a muon, a second receiver configured to receive an outlet track information and a second passage time of the muon, a displacement calculator configured to calculate a track displacement of a track of the muon based on the inlet and outlet track information, a mean energy calculator configured to calculate a mean energy of the muon based on a time-difference between the first passage and the second passage time, a data integration circuit configured to integrate multiplied data multiplying the track displacement and the mean energy on a projected plane, and an image generating circuit configured to generate an inner image of the structure by identifying a position of matter at the projected plane based on an integrated multiplied data.

A method for triggering of lightning discharge which is high in lightning triggering efficiency and capable of surely triggering lightning discharge is provided. The method comprises collimating muons emitted from a high energy proton or electron accelerator, and irradiating the collimated muon beam toward a thundercloud to thereby promote ionization of air in the thundercloud and trigger lightning discharge. An apparatus for implementing the method for triggering of lightning is also provided. The apparatus comprises a high energy proton or electron accelerator from which a proton beam or an electron beam is emitted, a target from which pions are emitted by irradiating the target with the proton or electron beam, a collimator for collimating muons generated by the decay of the pions, and an accelerating tube for accelerating the collimated muon beam and irradiating the muon beam toward a thundercloud.

An apparatus for generating muons, comprising: a hydrogen accumulator including an inlet; an outlet separated from the inlet by a flow path; a hydrogen transfer catalyst arranged along the flow path; and an accumulating member for receiving hydrogen in ultra-dense state from the outlet at a receiving portion of the accumulating member and accumulating the hydrogen in the ultra-dense state at an accumulation portion of the accumulating member. The accumulating member has a downward sloping surface from the receiving portion to the accumulation portion. The apparatus further includes a field source, such as a laser, arranged to provide, to the accumulation portion of the accumulating member, a field adapted to stimulate emission of negative muons from hydrogen in the ultra-dense state. The apparatus further includes a specially designed barrier and a shield to retain the super-fluid ultra-dense hydrogen from creeping away from the accumulation portion of the generator.

A method and system for high Z substance revealing using muon detection technique is presented. Natural muon coordinate and incidence angle are measured above and below the interrogated volume. The muon deviations after passing through the interrogated volume are compared with the reference deviations obtained for the same volume in absence of high Z material. A correlation between the actual data and reference data is calculated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, though other approaches may apply. The correlation is used for the decision making on the presence of a nuclear substance inside the volume.

A collision-avoidance propulsion system and method for orbiting satellites and other spacecraft takes advantage of ambient cosmic rays in space to catalyze micro-fusion events via particle-target fusion and muon-catalyzed fusion processes, using the reaction products to produce thrust upon orbiting satellites and other spacecraft. A supply of deuterium-containing particle fuel material is propelled in a specified direction of the spacecraft in response to indication of a potential collision with another space object (e.g. orbiting debris). In one embodiment, this may be performed by propellant gas expelling the fuel material through conduits to specified ports on the exterior of the spacecraft. The propelled material interacts with the ambient cosmic rays and muon generated from those cosmic rays to induce micro-fusion. A portion of the energetic reaction products (e.g. alpha particles) are received upon the spacecraft to alter its trajectory in a manner that avoids the potential collision.

A muon tracker includes a drift tube detector having a plurality of drift tube arrays, a detection time-difference calculation circuit configured to calculate a detected time-difference between a plurality of time data detected at least two of the drift tubes, a time-difference information database that stores a relationship between a plurality of predetermined tracks of the muon passing the drift tube detector and a predetermined time-difference of possible detected time data to be detected at least two of the drift tubes where each of the plurality of predetermined tracks passes, a time-difference referring circuit configured to refer the detected time-difference calculated at the detection time-difference calculation circuit with the predetermined time-difference stored in the time-difference information database, and a muon track determining circuit configured to determine a muon track as the predetermined track of the muon corresponding to the predetermined time-difference that matches the best with the detected time-difference.

This discloses a device called a particle refrigerator that will reduce the emittance of a charged particle beam. The particle refrigerator device is particularly well-suited for beams of particles created by interactions or decays of other particles, such as anti-protons, pions, ions, and muons, which are inherently created with very large emittances. It is a compact and inexpensive device compared to other systems for the emittance reduction of such beams. This device works by injecting beam particles backwards into the device, using the particle turn-around to match an incoming beam into a frictional cooling channel; this increases the acceptance of that channel by perhaps a thousandfold, making it practical to produce beams of high intensity and brightness. The frictional cooling is very effective, and simulations of its operation and performance give emittance reduction factors exceeding 30,000, with transmissions as high as 70%.

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a muon hydrogen atom type high-frequency laser. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of: colliding hydrogen atoms by using a muon beams to ensure that electronic around the hydrogen atoms are ionized by the muons and captured by the hydrogen atoms so as to generate muon hydrogen atoms; obtaining an energy level structure of the muon hydrogen atoms through a Schrodinger equation for solving the muon hydrogen atoms; taking a carbon monoxide laser with a wave length of 5.8 microns as a pump laser to realize the overturning of amount of the muons on a 2p excited state; and enabling the muons located at a 2p energy level to jump to a 1s energy level (muons at the 2p energy level jumps to the 1s energy level to carry out spontaneous radiation jump), so as to generate 1.9 Kev of high-frequency X waveband laser. According to the manufacturing method disclosed by the invention, a working substance which is likely to generate X waveband lasers is disclosed through theoretical analysis, and a feasible working principle is disclosed; under the condition that the main quantum number is smaller than 30, the energy level life of the muon hydrogen atoms is much shorter than the life of the muons; and a proper energy level structure is searched in the part with an energy level smaller than 30, so that X waveband light is generated.

A turbine generator for producing electricity is described for use on planets and moons, or corresponding planetary or lunar orbits, where magnetic fields and atmospheres are sufficient low to obtain an adequate ambient flux of cosmic rays and muons for useful micro-fusion. A source of deuterium-containing micro-fusion particle fuel material is supplied via a flue to a columnar reaction volume, where it is dispersed and interacts with incoming cosmic rays and muons. Nuclear micro-fusion products (energetic alpha particles) drive a set of helium-wind turbines arranged around the reaction volume. Electrical generators coupled to the turbines generate electricity to supply nearby habitats and equipment.

The present invention refers to a muonic electromagnetic generator to be utilized for purposes of generating electrical energy, whose generator is connectable to at least one source of electric energy (1; 2) with a lower power than the power generated by the said generator. The generator according to the invention comprises: a) at least one outer electric coil (7) b) at least one inner electric coil (13), situated substantially inside the outer electric coil (7); and c) an oscillator (4). The oscillator (4) is connected between the said source of electrical energy (1; 2) and the said outer electric coil (7). When the outer electric coil is connected to a source of electric energy (1 or 2) via an oscillator (4) that was previously tuned to emit a frequency corresponding to a certain fraction specific to the Compton frequency of a muon, the muonic energy is absorbed by an inner electric coil (13), and this energy can be used to feed any external load (14). This muonic energy can be significantly greater than the power of the source of energy (1; 2).

The invention provides a muon imaging method and a vehicle-mounted radioactive material monitoring system. The muon imaging method is characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1, using a track reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct the muon angle measurement data to obtain an initial reconstructed image f 0 ; S2, with the initial reconstructed image f 0 As the initial value, the algebraic reconstruction algorithm is used to iterate to obtain the reconstructed image f ART ;S3, for f ART Minimize the total variation several times to get the image f ART‑TV ; S4, repeating S2 to S3 until a reconstructed image f that meets the preset quality is obtained t ; and S5, use the algebraic reconstruction algorithm to f t Iterate to get the final reconstructed image f final . According to the invention, real-time radioactivity monitoring can be realized, and it is especially suitable for monitoring the state change of radioactive waste during transportation, thereby reducing potential risks during the transportation of radioactive waste.

This invention produces electricity, gamma rays, or neutrons, based on the findings set forth in A Nuclear-Gravitational Electrodynamic Framework, Boltzmann's P=eS / k probability principle, Maxwell's EM theory, Relativity, and Quantum Theory, to optimize protons' pion-electron interactions. Functionally this is like what occurs in Chemical Thermodynamics, using external conditions to control 10−10 m orbital electron interactions to rearrange molecules and obtain desired products, except that this process controls 10−15 m pion-electron interactions by creating an equilibrium between external EM conditions and protons' internal components to control the protons' pion generation.

The invention provides an ADT type [ferric-ferric] hydrogenase model complex containing mono-phosphorus ligand, and belongs to the technical field of the synthesis. The model complex molecular formulais Fe2[(mu-SCH2)2NH](CO)5L, an the chemical structural formula is as shown in description, wherein L is mono-phosphorus ligand P(C6H4-4-CH3)3, PPh2(OCH2CH3), P(2-C4H3O)3, P(C6H4-3-CH3)3, and P(C6H4-4-F)3. The invention further provides a synthesis method of the ADT type [ferric-ferric] hydrogenase active center model complex containing the mono-phosphorus ligand. The synthesis method provided bythe invention adopts a one-pot synthesis method, the operation process is simple, the reaction condition is mild, the product yield is high, and the method can be suitable for the synthesis of multiple ADT type [ferric-ferric] hydrogenase active center model complex Fe2[(muon-SCH2)2NH](CO)5L containing the mono-phosphorus ligand. The hydrogenase active center model complex prepared by the invention has good catalytic hydrogen production capacity and potential industrial application value.