49results about "Reaction to electrical energy" patented technology

A system and method for containing plasma and forming a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) magnetic topology are described in which plasma ions are contained magnetically in stable, non-adiabatic orbits in the FRC. Further, the electrons are contained electrostatically in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. The simultaneous electrostatic confinement of electrons and magnetic confinement of ions avoids anomalous transport and facilitates classical containment of both electrons and ions. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by nuclear force, thus releasing fusion energy. Moreover, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement system and method are not limited to neutronic fuels only, but also advantageously include advanced fuels.

Disclosed is a system for extracting energy from controlled fusion reactions. The system includes a central target chamber for receiving fusion target material. A plurality of energy drivers are arranged around the target chamber so as to supply energy to fusion target material in the chamber to initiate a controlled fusion reaction of the materials releasing energy in the forms of fusion plasma and heat. A plurality of structures for extracting energy from the fusion reaction are provided, and comprise devices to extract high voltage DC power from the fusion plasma; and means to extract thermal energy from the central target chamber. Power to the energy drivers may be supplied from high voltage DC power extracted from the fusion reactions. The energy drivers may use an Apodizing filter to impart a desired shape to the wavefront of the driving energy for causing the fusion reactions, to avoid hydrodynamic instabilities.

Provided is an inverted population of hydrogen, formed from a novel catalytic reaction of hydrogen atoms to form lower-energy hydrogen. The inverted population of hydrogen is capable of lasing. The power may be utilized as laser light or the light due to stimulated or spontaneous emission may be converted to electricity with a photon-to-electric converter such as a photovoltaic cell.

An In Orbit Transportation & Recovery System (IOSTAR(TM)) (10) is disclosed. One preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a space tug powered by a nuclear reactor (19). The IOSTAR(TM) includes a collapsible boom (11) connected at one end to a propellant tank (13) which stores fuel for an electric propulsion system (12). This end of the boom (11) is equipped with docking hardware (14) that is able to grasp and hold a satellite (15) and as a means to refill the tank (13). Radiator panels (16) mounted on the boom (11) dissipate heat from the reactor (19). A radiation shield (20) is situated next to the reactor (19) to protect the satellite payload (15) at the far end of the boom (11). The IOSTAR(TM) (10) will be capable of accomplishing rendezvous and docking maneuvers which will enable it to move spacecraft between a low Earth parking orbit and positions in higher orbits or to other locations in our Solar System.

The present invention relates to a cell, system, and methods to form diamond from carbon in a plasma formed or assisted by the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to lower energy states.

A method for generating electrical energy, comprising the steps of providing a fusion fuel (1), the fusion fuel (1) being held in a magnetic field within a cylindrical reaction chamber (2), initiating nuclear fusion in the fusion fuel (1), in which a fusion flame is produced by fusion laser pulses (4) having a pulse duration of less than 10 ps and a power of more than 1 petawatt, and converting the energy that is released during the nuclear fusion from the nuclei that are produced into power plant power, wherein the magnetic field has a field strength which is greater than or equal to 1 kilotesla and the nuclear fusion has an energy yield of more than 500 per laser energy of the fusion laser pulses (4) that produce the fusion flame. Also described is a nuclear fusion reactor which is configured for generating electrical energy.

Systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with superior stability as well as particle, energy and flux confinement and, more particularly, systems and methods that facilitate forming and maintaining FRCs with elevated system energies and improved sustainment utilizing neutral beam injection and high harmonic fast wave electron heating.

A fusion reactor system includes a reactor core containing a device capable of generating very high electrical potential difference on nuclear fusionable material. The reactor core produces very high electrical potential difference such that the high voltage circuit causes the fusionable material to generate a plasma in the form of artificial lightning. The electricity generated from the fusion reaction will then be conducted through a lightning conductor system. The lightning conductor system is not in the scope of this invention.

The invention describes a product and a method for generating electrical power directly from nuclear power. More particularly, the invention describes the use of a liquid semiconductor as a means for efficiently converting nuclear energy, either nuclear fission and/or radiation energy, directly into electrical energy. Direct conversion of nuclear energy to electrical energy is achieved by placing nuclear material in close proximity to a liquid semiconductor. Nuclear energy emitted from the nuclear material, in the form of fission fragments or radiation, enters the liquid semiconductor and creates electron-hole pairs. By using an appropriate electrical circuit an electrical load is applied and electrical energy generated as a result of the creation of the electron-hole pairs.

A systems network for harnessing nuclear fusion power and, more particularly, a complex for containment of a nuclear fusion detonation reaction, in which the nuclear detonation reaction is used to heat water for application in a steam turbine system that is used to drive a generator. The systems network include a feedwater plant, a steam turbine system, an oxygen producing plant, and a thermal recovery plant, connected to a containment complex having a hydrogen detonation chamber encased in a series of thermal containment chambers having electromagnetically charged walls and an outer structure.

The present invention belongs to the applicatino of motive electricity generation. High heat source and oxygen concentration cell pile are made to constitute power generator. High temperature heat source produces heat to make the oxygen concentration cells in high temperature working state, and the oxygen concentration cell pile comprising many oxygen concentration cells connected serially and parallelly is inside the oxygen chamber. The oxygen supplying device connected to the oxygen chamber supplies oxygen for the oxygen chamber. The inner cavity of the oxygen concentration cell has lower oxygen pressure in the inner cavity than in the outer cavity. The present invention has high power generating efficiency, less high speed rotating parts, and less environmental pollution.

A machine to detect phonon gain to control desired reactions using a container with at least two optical ports, a power supply and wiring connections to enable driving a material sample to be examined, a power supply to drive at least two lasers, a controller to regulate the output of the lasers, a beam path to enable illumination of the sample, a controller to regulate the electric power delivered to the sample enabling driving in more than one state, a detector system to examine the backscatter radiation from the sample by frequency, a second beam path to enable the backscatter to reach the detector system, a computation system to separate and determine the ratios of the examined backscattered frequencies to determine the intensities and distribution, and a second computation system to compare the examined intensities and distribution and ratios to the desired intensities and distribution and ratios to determine what states were detected and to derive changes for the power supply driving the sample.

A system and apparatus for controlled fusion in a field reversed configuration (FRC) magnetic topology and conversion of fusion product energies directly to electric power. Preferably, plasma ions are magnetically confined in the FRC while plasma electrons are electrostatically confined in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by the nuclear force, thus forming fusion products that emerge in the form of an annular beam. Energy is removed from the fusion product ions as they spiral past electrodes of an inverse cyclotron converter. Advantageously, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement and energy conversion system include advanced (aneutronic) fuels.

The present invention provides an apparatus for generating energy, which includes: an operating fluid supplied for generating ionization and nuclear fusion reactions; an output pump designed such that the operating fluid is pressurized to a predetermined pressure; an operating fluid supply unit to supply and circulate the operating fluid through the output pump; a dielectric body provided with an inlet and an outlet, to conduct the operating fluid from the operating fluid supply unit, and a plurality of channels with different diameters to connect the inlet and outlet; at least one metallic insert provided with at least one through-hole passing the operating fluid by being inserted into the channels of the dielectric body to ionize the operating fluid; a dielectric insert provided with at least one through-hole passing the operating fluid by being inserted into the channels of the dielectric body to provide an environment promoting nuclear fusion reactions; and at least one pair of metal members to control the polarity of the ionized operating fluid or to collect electricity by being inserted into holes which intercept the channels of the dielectric body in a direction vertical to its axis.

Cosmic ray and muon-catalyzed micro-fusion electrical generation provides electrical power for mining operations, including any asteroid habitats and mining equipment. The micro-fusion generator systems deploy deuterium-containing fuel material as a localized cloud interacting with incoming ambient cosmic rays to generate energetic fusion products. Dust or other particulate matter in the fuel material, in the localized cloud, and in the space surrounding the asteroid being mined converts some cosmic rays into muons that also catalyze fusion. The fusion products drive turbines to facilitate the electrical generation.

The invention relates to a plasma energy converter and an electromagnetic reactor for producing the converter. The invention relates to a mehtod and a device of plasma physics, especially a system for electromagnetic constraint high-energy plasma, and conditions for executing high-temperature reaction including controlled nuclear fusion reaction. The invention include a working chamber, which includes a working medium placed in the field for electromagnetic system for constraining and heating plasma. The system is at least composed of two electromagnetic vortex reactors which rotate mutually and oppositely with opposite electric charges, and the vortex field is located in the working chamber. The reactor includes a working chamber and a system for exciting the plasma state of the working medium. The system for exciting the plasma state of the working medium includes a concentrator for microwave vortex electromagnetic field, whose axis coincides with the reactor vortex field.

Various exemplary embodiments of a power conversion system for converting thermal energy from a heat source to electricity are disclosed. In one exemplary embodiment, the power conversion system may include a substantially sealed chamber having an inner shroud having an inlet and an outlet and defining an internal passageway between the inlet and the outlet through which a working fluid passes. The sealed chamber may also include an outer shroud substantially surrounding the inner shroud, such that the working fluid exiting the outlet of the inner shroud returns to the inlet of the inner shroud in a closed-loop via a return passageway formed between an external surface of the inner shroud and an internal surface of the outer shroud. The power conversion system may further include a source heat exchanger disposed in the internal passageway of the inner shroud, the source heat exchanger being configured to at least partially receive a heat transmitting element.