The invention provides a rocket-powered Mars transport aircraft, comprising a bearing system,a buffer landing system, a power system, an energy system and a navigation guidance and control system. Thebuffer landing system, the power system, the energy system and the navigation guidance and the control system are arranged on the bearing system. The bearing system comprises a truss, and the power system comprises a main engine arranged on the bottom of the frame. The energy system comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder and a storage tank, wherein the high-pressure gas cylinder is arranged in the middle of the truss, the number of the storage tanks is a plurality of and is arranged at the side of the truss in an annular interval, the high-pressure gas cylinder is communicated with each storage tank through pipelines, and each storage tank is connected with the main engine through pipelines. Adopt modular design, The landing cushion, power system, load bearing system, energy system and navigation guidance and control system are more reasonably installed on the truss, so that the load is more dispersed on the premise of ensuring that the Mars transport aircraft is more compact in structure, and the center of gravity of the Mars transport aircraft is reduced, so that the Mars transport aircraft has higher load bearing capacity. The invention is applied to the field of planetary surface flight.