32 results about "Line-of-sight propagation" patented technology

An optical system for mixing and redirecting light generated by a light source is provided. The optical system comprises a first reflector operatively disposed relative to the light source, the first reflector configured to receive first light emitted by the light source which propagates along lines of sight therebetween and configured to reflect the first light as second light; a diffuser for scattering light incident thereon, the diffuser and the first reflector configured so that second light is incident upon the diffuser, wherein the incident light is diffused as third light and wherein the third light is directed towards the target surface; a second reflector operatively disposed and aligned relative to the diffuser and the first reflector is configured to direct light towards the target surface, thereby illuminating the target surface.

A intelligent backhaul system is disclosed to manage and control multiple intelligent backhaul radios within a geographic zone. The intelligent backhaul system includes multiple intelligent backhaul radios (IBRs) that are able to function in both obstructed and unobstructed line of sight propagation conditions, one or more intelligent backhaul controllers (IBCs) connecting the IBRs with other network elements, and an intelligent backhaul management system (IBMS). The IBMS may include a private and / or public server and / or agents in one or more IBRs or IBCs.

A intelligent backhaul system is disclosed to manage and control multiple intelligent backhaul radios within a geographic zone. The intelligent backhaul system includes multiple intelligent backhaul radios (IBRs) that are able to function in both obstructed and unobstructed line of sight propagation conditions, one or more intelligent backhaul controllers (IBCs) connecting the IBRs with other network elements, and an intelligent backhaul management system (IBMS). The IBMS may include a private and / or public server and / or agents in one or more IBRs or IBCs.

A intelligent backhaul system is disclosed to manage and control multiple intelligent backhaul radios within a geographic zone. The intelligent backhaul system includes multiple intelligent backhaul radios (IBRs) that are able to function in both obstructed and unobstructed line of sight propagation conditions, one or more intelligent backhaul controllers (IBCs) connecting the IBRs with other network elements, and an intelligent backhaul management system (IBMS). The IBMS may include a private and / or public server and / or agents in one or more IBRs or IBCs.

A intelligent backhaul system is disclosed to manage and control multiple intelligent backhaul radios within a geographic zone. The intelligent backhaul system includes multiple intelligent backhaul radios (IBRs) that are able to function in both obstructed and unobstructed line of sight propagation conditions, one or more intelligent backhaul controllers (IBCs) connecting the IBRs with other network elements, and an intelligent backhaul management system (IBMS). The IBMS may include a private and / or public server and / or agents in one or more IBRs or IBCs.

The invention presented relates to wireless handsfree head worn headset computing devices including a microdisplay device and spatially diverse antenna system. The spatially diverse antenna system provides an effective headset computing device radiation pattern that enables arbitrary user movement and promotes freedom of mobility. Disclosed is a headset computing device including a head worn frame having a profile relatively low in height with respect to a user's head, the user's head creating a RF shadow region along the headset profile by blocking line-of-sight RF propagation paths, the headset includes two or more antennas integrated with the headset frame to sufficiently maintained its low profile. Each antenna has a radiation pattern and are collectively arranged to form an omnidirectional radiation pattern, where at least a first radiation pattern provides coverage in the line-of-sight propagation path while the at least second radiation antenna pattern is in the RF shadow region.

A computer-implemented system and method for generating a tactical route to a battlefield destination including an Intervisibility Analyzer for analyzing propagation of optical lines of sight in a geographic terrain, a Speed Analyzer for analyzing speed of travelers in the geographic terrain, and a Route Generator for generating routes that facilitate tactical movement. The Intervisibility Analyzer and Speed Analyzer are used by a Cost Generator to determine tactical movement costs in geographic terrain. The Route Generator includes a Cost Evaluator for evaluating the cost of an edge during route generation.

The method discloses a method for eliminating NLOS in a wireless cellular network. The method comprises the following steps: a) values of TDOA are measured for N times; b), the mean value of N measured values of TDOA is calculated; c), a virtual starting point is set, so that N groups of values that signals of the neighbor base station and the serving base station reach the time delay; d) standard deviations of time of signal arrival of the neighbor base station and the serving base station are respectively calculated through the N groups of time delay values of the neighbor base station and the serving base station, thereby obtaining the mean value of errors of neighbor base station and serving base station signals NLOS; e), the TDOA mean value obtained in step b) minus the mean value of errors of the neighbor base station signals, and plus the mean value of errors of the serving base station signals, so as to obtain TDOA of line-of-sight propagation after the elimination of NLOS; and f), the TDOA value which is obtained in step e), used for eliminating NLOS error impact and reconstructed, is sent for positioning through a localization algorithm. The method of the invention ensures that the NLOS errors in TDOA can be effectively eliminated; and the TDOA after reconstruction can is close to the actual TDOA value in range of visibility. Therefore, the location estimated through the localization algorithm is closer to the actual location.

The invention provides a relay emergency wireless data communication frame. A relay net is formed by a single low-altitude relay platform; the relay platform is hung below a balloon tied on a rope fixed on a trolley; and an application scene is a land cellular network with one part of damaged base stations and fewer base stations (reserved base stations) which can realize physical connection. A low-altitude relay physical layer can utilize a cognitive radio technology to detect signal frequency spectrums of the reserved base stations so as to carry out radio resource management of emergency data communication; the relay platform can realize following functions: 1) connection close to line-of-sight propagation is provided for a land user; 2) the position of the relay platform is adjusted to guarantee that links among the relay platform and a plurality of land base stations have better channel quality; 3) a certain cognitive radio function is realized; 4) communication with an external network is realized by a gateway which is used as the reserved base station.

Apparatus for in-situ monitoring of a process in a semiconductor wafer processing system consists of a process chamber having a dome, an enclosure disposed above the chamber, a process monitoring assembly positioned proximate the dome, an opening in the dome, and a window covering the opening. A portion of the apparatus supports the process monitoring assembly to establish a line-of-sight propagation path of monitoring beams from above the dome, through the window to the substrate to facilitate etch depth measurement without encountering interference from high power energy sources proximate the chamber. A method of fabricating a process monitoring apparatus consists of the steps of boring an opening into a dome, positioning the process monitoring assembly in proximity to the dome so as to allow a line-of-sight propagation path of monitoring beams from the process monitoring assembly to a wafer, and covering the opening with a window. The window is permanent or removable dependent upon the type of process monitoring assembly being used in the system.

The invention provides a method and device for recognizing a line-of-sight propagation path of wireless signals. The method includes the steps that CSI corresponding to each antenna is obtained from the received wireless signals to be detected; the variance of the phase differences between each antenna and the other antennas is calculated according to the CSI corresponding to each antenna; the phase difference factor corresponding to each variance is calculated according to a first formula (please see the first formula in the specification), and the mid-value of all the phase difference factors is calculated; whether the mid-value is smaller than or equal to a preset phase difference factor threshold value or not is judged, if yes, line-of-sight propagation of the wireless signals is determined, and otherwise non-line-of-sight propagation of the wireless signals is determined. Through the method and the device, the line-of-sight propagation path of the wireless signals can be recognized in real time in a wireless network with the bandwidth limited extremely.

The invention discloses a modeling method and a modeling device applicable to three-dimensional propagation channels. The method and the device are designed in order to solve the problem that angles in the vertical direction are neglected in existing three-dimensional propagation channel modeling. The modeling method includes the steps: firstly, acquiring a collineation connection line direction of a base station end and a mobile communication end, and working out a line-of-sight propagation angle theta<LoS> according to height difference and horizontal distance between the base station end and an antenna at the mobile communication end; secondly, respectively constructing central angles theta<mean> of the base station end and the mobile communication end; and thirdly, translating a randomly-generated zero-mean elevation power angle spectrum of a three-dimensional propagation channel onto the central angles so as to obtain zero-mean elevation power angle spectrums of the base station end and the mobile communication end respectively. The method and the device are simple and feasible to implement, high in practicality and capable of making up deficiencies of modeling at elevation angles in the prior art.

The invention relates to a multi-path channel modeling method of an indoor single light source visible light communication system. In view of a small angle of view of an actual photoelectric detector (PD), the invention provides the multi-path channel modeling method according to an LED modulation symbol period. The method comprises a first step of giving a size of an indoor communication room, and characteristics of an LED and a PD, and calculating, by using an iteration method, time domain impulse responses of line of sight and multiple reflection signals between the LED and the PD in the single light source visible light communication system; a second step of determining a starting time point of multi-path channel modeling; a third step of giving a definition of inter-code interference, and determining a symbol sampling period of a receiving terminal; a fourth step of using a sum of impulse responses between sampling intervals as a gain of each path of the multi-path channel; and a fifth step of relative to the starting time point of modeling, dividing the sampling period by time delay of a finally received optical signal, and rounding up to an integer of a result of the previous division operation so as to be used as a total number of paths of the multi-path channel.

A channel characteristic analyzing apparatus that can ensure modeling of a more adequate propagation path by processing position parameters needed in a two-wave model which is used as a line-of-sight propagation path model in a stochastic manner is provided. The channel characteristic analyzing apparatus for analyzing the propagation channel characteristics of a reception apparatus 11b which has received a radio signal of a millimeter wave band, transmitted from a transmission antenna 13a of a transmission apparatus 11a, via a reception antenna 13b, includes computation means which computes h(t) expressed by the following equation (1) as a channel response to the propagation channel characteristic.h(t)=βδ(t)  (1)where β is derived as a result of processing the position parameters needed also in the two-wave model in the stochastic manner.

The invention discloses an identification method for a non-visual path and a mobile terminal positioning method, and aims to provide a method for identifying the non-visual path to position a mobile terminal only by utilizing a line-of-sight propagation path in honeycomb mobile communication. Key points of the technical scheme are that: cost functions of time difference of arrival (TDOA) / time of arrival (TOA) measured values between the mobile terminal and base stations are calculated, and non-line of sight (NLOS) base stations and LOS base stations are identified; and the position of the mobile terminal is calculated according to the positions of the LOS base stations and the TDOA / TOA measured values. The base stations with NLOS propagation are accurately identified, and the mobile terminal is positioned only by the LOS propagation path according to the positions of the base stations and the TDOA / TOA measured values between the mobile terminal and the base stations in a positioning process, so that the aim of improving positioning accuracy is fulfilled.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for identifying non-line-of-sight propagation and a base station. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining the channel power spectrum corresponding to each group of signals according to K groups of signals transmitted by MS (Mobile Station) received in a preset period to obtain K groups of channel power spectrum, wherein K is greater than a first threshold which is a positive integer; determining N channel power spectrum subsets according to the K groups of channel power spectrums, wherein N is less than K; obtaining N accumulated channel power spectrums according to N channel power spectrum subsets and obtaining the extreme value position of the N accumulated channel power spectrums; obtaining the first standard deviation of the signal transmission distance between MS and BS (Base Station) according to the N extreme value positions; and identifying whether non-line-of-sight propagation occurs between the MS and BS or not according to the magnitude relation between the first standard deviation and the second standard deviation. The technical scheme ensures that the first standard deviation with higher precision between the MS and BS can be obtained so as to effectively improve the identifying accuracy of the non-line-of-sight propagation environment.

The invention discloses a positioning method for inhibiting non-line-of-sight error and a mobile table, and relates to the technical field of wireless positioning. The positioning method comprises the following steps: the mobile table acquires position coordinate information of three base stations and multi-group propagation time measurement values, wherein each group propagation time measurement value comprises the propagation time between the mobile table and each base station; the mobile table determines the error between the non-line-of-sight and the line-of-sight corresponding to each group propagation time measurement value based on a geometrical distance constraint relation between the mobile table and each base station and the position coordinate information of each base station; the mobile table selects one group propagation time measurement value, which enables the error between the non-line-of-sight and the line-of-sight to minimum, for mobile table positioning. Therefore, multi-group measurement values are acquired and the measurement value most approach to the LOS propagation is screened out based on a geometrical constraint relation, which should be satisfied under the line-of-sight propagation environment, of the mobile table and the base station, the measurement value error caused by NLOS is effectively reduced, and the advanced sampling is unnecessary, and the efficiency is higher.

A chemical gas phase deposition process comprises steps of providing a high vacuum chamber, and inside the high vacuum chamber: positioning a substrate surface; positioning a mask parallel to the substrate surface, whereby the mask comprises one or more openings; adjusting a gap of determined dimension between the substrate surface and the mask; and orienting a plurality of chemical precursor beams of at least one precursor species towards the mask with line of sight propagation, each of the plurality of chemical precursor beams being emitted from an independent punctual source, and molecules of the chemical precursor pass through the one or more mask openings to impinge onto the substrate surface for deposition thereon. At least a part of the chemical precursor molecules decompose on the substrate surface at a decomposition temperature. The process further comprises adjusting a temperature of the substrate surface greater or equal to the chemical precursor molecule decomposition temperature, thereby remaining greater than a mask temperature, and maintaining the mask temperature below the decomposition temperature, thereby causing a decomposition of the chemical precursor and a growth of a film on the substrate surface, but not on the mask; and heating the substrate surface using a heating device.

The embodiment of the invention provides an indoor positioning method and apparatus. The method comprises: a first non-line-of-sight error, relative to a first emission source, of a to-be-localized point, a second non-line-of-sight error, relative to a second emission source, of the to-be-localized point, and a third non-line-of-sight error, relative to a third emission source, of the to-be-localized point are obtained from a pre-established non-line-of-sight error distribution model; the first non-line-of-sight error, the second non-line-of-sight error, and the third non-line-of-sight error are eliminated by first arrival time, relative to the first emission source, second arrival time, relative to the second emission source, and third arrival time relative to the third emission source, of the to-be-localized point, thereby obtaining a first line-of-sight propagation value, a second line-of-sight propagation value, and a third line-of-sight propagation value; and according to the first line-of-sight propagation value, the second line-of-sight propagation value, and the third line-of-sight propagation value, positioning is carried out. During positioning, the corresponding non-line-of-sight errors of the to-be-localized point are obtained from the pre-established non-line-of-sight error distribution model directly and are eliminated, thereby realizing shortening positioning time.

The invention presented relates to wireless handsfree head worn headset computing devices including a microdisplay device and spatially diverse antenna system. The spatially diverse antenna system provides an effective headset computing device radiation pattern that enables arbitrary user movement and promotes freedom of mobility. Disclosed is a headset computing device including a head worn frame having a profile relatively low in height with respect to a user's head, the user's head creating a RF shadow region along the headset profile by blocking line-of-sight RF propagation paths, the headset includes two or more antennas integrated with the headset frame to sufficiently maintained its low profile. Each antenna has a radiation pattern and are collectively arranged to form an omnidirectional radiation pattern, where at least a first radiation pattern provides coverage in the line-of-sight propagation path while the at least second radiation antenna pattern is in the RF shadow region.

A chemical gas phase deposition process comprises steps of providing a high vacuum chamber, and inside the high vacuum chamber: positioning a substrate surface; positioning a mask parallel to the substrate surface, whereby the mask comprises one or more openings; adjusting a gap of determined dimension between the substrate surface and the mask; and orienting a plurality of chemical precursor beams of at least one precursor species towards the mask with line of sight propagation, each of the plurality of chemical precursor beams being emitted from an independent punctual source, and molecules of the chemical precursor pass through the one or more mask openings to impinge onto the substrate surface for deposition thereon. At least a part of the chemical precursor molecules decompose on the substrate surface at a decomposition temperature. The process further comprises adjusting a temperature of the substrate surface greater or equal to the chemical precursor molecule decomposition temperature, thereby remaining greater than a mask temperature, and maintaining the mask temperature below the decomposition temperature, thereby causing a decomposition of the chemical precursor and a growth of a film on the substrate surface, but not on the mask; and heating the substrate surface using a heating device.

The invention relates to a mobile communication network stereo layered laying method based on a 4 / 5G high frequency band and belongs to the mobile communication technology field. The method comprisessteps that according to modern city structure characteristics, a coverage area of a mobile communication base station system is decomposed into individually independent stereo grids from a horizontalplane and a vertical plane, based on wireless signal line-of-sight propagation characteristics of the 4 / 5G high frequency band, scene distinguishing of the stereo grids is carried out, continuous identical scenes are finally merged, a city wide coverage network configuration is established, customized coverage method design for non-continuous scenes is carried out on the basis, the integral coverage scheme can be accurate to fine grids in street blocks, network coverage cost is reduced to the maximum degree, interference caused by overlapped coverage is reduced to the minimum degree, and carrier-to-interference ratio performance of the whole city network is improved to the optimum level.

The invention provides a method and device for recognizing a line-of-sight propagation path of wireless signals. The method includes the steps that CSI corresponding to each antenna is obtained from the received wireless signals to be detected; the variance of the phase differences between each antenna and the other antennas is calculated according to the CSI corresponding to each antenna; the phase difference factor corresponding to each variance is calculated according to a first formula (please see the first formula in the specification), and the mid-value of all the phase difference factors is calculated; whether the mid-value is smaller than or equal to a preset phase difference factor threshold value or not is judged, if yes, line-of-sight propagation of the wireless signals is determined, and otherwise non-line-of-sight propagation of the wireless signals is determined. Through the method and the device, the line-of-sight propagation path of the wireless signals can be recognized in real time in a wireless network with the bandwidth limited extremely.

The invention relates to an orthogonal linearly-polarized digital modulator comprising an orthogonal linearly-polarized antenna module, a radio frequency switch module, a local oscillator module, and a baseband signal generation module. The local oscillator module generates continuous dot frequency signals and outputs the signals to the radio frequency switch module; the baseband signal generation module generates a binary baseband signal used as a control signal of the radio frequency switch module; and the radio frequency switch module outputs radio frequency signals from two different ports based on different code elements. Two output ports of the radio frequency switch modules are connected with two input ports of the orthogonal linearly-polarized antenna respectively; and radio frequency signals inputted from different ports generates a horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave and vertically polarized respectively. According to the orthogonal linearly-polarized digital modulator, different electromagnetic wave polarization characteristics represent different baseband signal code elements; and the modulator has advantages of less spectrum resource occupation and simple realization. The provided modulator can be applied to the wireless communication field with various line-of-sight propagation.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for identifying non-line-of-sight propagation and a base station. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining the channel power spectrum corresponding to each group of signals according to K groups of signals transmitted by MS (Mobile Station) received in a preset period to obtain K groups of channel power spectrum, whereinK is greater than a first threshold which is a positive integer; determining N channel power spectrum subsets according to the K groups of channel power spectrums, wherein N is less than K; obtainingN accumulated channel power spectrums according to N channel power spectrum subsets and obtaining the extreme value position of the N accumulated channel power spectrums; obtaining the first standarddeviation of the signal transmission distance between MS and BS (Base Station) according to the N extreme value positions; and identifying whether non-line-of-sight propagation occurs between the MS and BS or not according to the magnitude relation between the first standard deviation and the second standard deviation. The technical scheme ensures that the first standard deviation with higher precision between the MS and BS can be obtained so as to effectively improve the identifying accuracy of the non-line-of-sight propagation environment.

The invention provides a relay emergency wireless data communication frame. A relay net is formed by a single low-altitude relay platform; the relay platform is hung below a balloon tied on a rope fixed on a trolley; and an application scene is a land cellular network with one part of damaged base stations and fewer base stations (reserved base stations) which can realize physical connection. A low-altitude relay physical layer can utilize a cognitive radio technology to detect signal frequency spectrums of the reserved base stations so as to carry out radio resource management of emergency data communication; the relay platform can realize following functions: 1) connection close to line-of-sight propagation is provided for a land user; 2) the position of the relay platform is adjusted to guarantee that links among the relay platform and a plurality of land base stations have better channel quality; 3) a certain cognitive radio function is realized; 4) communication with an external network is realized by a gateway which is used as the reserved base station.

The invention discloses a positioning method for inhibiting non-line-of-sight error and a mobile table, and relates to the technical field of wireless positioning. The positioning method comprises the following steps: the mobile table acquires position coordinate information of three base stations and multi-group propagation time measurement values, wherein each group propagation time measurement value comprises the propagation time between the mobile table and each base station; the mobile table determines the error between the non-line-of-sight and the line-of-sight corresponding to each group propagation time measurement value based on a geometrical distance constraint relation between the mobile table and each base station and the position coordinate information of each base station; the mobile table selects one group propagation time measurement value, which enables the error between the non-line-of-sight and the line-of-sight to minimum, for mobile table positioning. Therefore, multi-group measurement values are acquired and the measurement value most approach to the LOS propagation is screened out based on a geometrical constraint relation, which should be satisfied under the line-of-sight propagation environment, of the mobile table and the base station, the measurement value error caused by NLOS is effectively reduced, and the advanced sampling is unnecessary, and the efficiency is higher.