The invention relates to a subway comprehensive monitoring system based on SM3 and SM4 communication encryption, and belongs to the technical field of subway monitoring. The system comprises a key management center and a plurality of monitoring centers. The monitoring centers are connected through an integrated monitoring system backbone network. Each monitoring center comprises a workstation, anFEP and a server which are connected through a network bus. The workstation, the FEP and the server are respectively provided with a workstation end UKey, an FEP end UKey and a server end UKey; and the workstation, the FEP and the server are all provided with security middleware modules. When the monitoring program needs to be started each time; self-authentication of equipment is carried out through a workstation, FEP, a UKey corresponding to a server and a security middleware module, meanwhile, a server side needs to be authenticated by a user for an operator, a corresponding monitoring program can be started only after the authentication is passed, and then key agreement and data encryption communication are carried out. According to the invention, illegal invasion can be effectively avoided, and the safety of the subway integrated monitoring system is improved.