The invention discloses a preparation method of artificial alveoli. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing
gelatin micro-spheres with uniform diameters from a
gelatin aqueous solution through a microfluidic device, obtaining
gelatin brackets which are regularly arranged through a self-
assembly method, heating the gelatin brackets to be closely arranged, then filling a PU solution, performing
freeze drying to remove the
solvent, and removing a gelatin template by a water bath method to obtain a three-dimensional porous PU bracket with an inverse opal structure; then, performing
ammonia plasma treatment on the PU bracket to graft the amino group, connecting
heparin to the amino group through EDC / NHS, then adding VEGF, and combining the VEGF to the
heparin; and finally,rotationally inoculating MRC-5 cells to the VEGF-modified PU bracket, proportionally inoculating
mixed cell suspensions of HUVECs and NL20 cells, and performing co-culture to obtain tissue engineeringartificial alveoli. The diameters of the prepared artificial alveoli can be effectively regulated and controlled to be about 300 microns by regulating and controlling the concentration of the gelatinsolution and
polyurethane, the flow rate and the passage
diameter of a water phase and an organic phase as well as the self-
assembly temperature and time.