A method to improve neural cell viability in brain or spinal cord tissue after brain or spinal cord injury or surgery is provided. This method comprises applying a sterile liquid medium to the brain or spinal cord tissue, wherein the sterile aqueous liquid medium comprises 0 to about 3000 μM CaCl2, about 0.1 to about 1.2 μM Fe(NO3)3, about 2500 to about 10000 μM KCl, 0 to about 4000 μM MgCl2, about 30000 to about 150000 μM NaCl, about 100 to about 30000 μM NaHCO3, about 250 to about 4000 μM NaH2PO4, about 0.01 to about 0.4 μM sodium selenite, about 0.2 to about 2 μM ZnSO4, about 2500 to about 50000 μM D-glucose, about 1 to about 50 μM L-carnitine, about 3 to about 80 μM ethanolamine, about 15 to about 400 μM D(+)-galactose, about 40 to about 800 μM putrescine, about 20 to about 500 μM sodium pyruvate, and growth-promoting essential fatty acids, hormones, amino acids, vitamins and anti-oxidants in amounts effective for neuron growth, and wherein the medium is essentially free of ferrous sulfate, glutamate, and aspartate.