The invention discloses an
underwater sound environment sensing method based on multi-array-element sparse channel
estimation. An
underwater sound receiving end receives signals transmitted through an
underwater sound multipath channel through a multi-array-element array; performing Hilbert transform on the receiving
signal of each
array element to obtain an analysis
signal, and calculating a cross-
correlation function of the analysis
signal and the transmitting signal; based on the cross-
correlation function, sparse channel parameters, including path amplitude and time
delay, of each
array element are estimated by adopting an
orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm combined with a constant
false alarm detection dynamic threshold value; the method comprises the following steps: constructing an array
response vector by using sparse channel parameters of a multi-
array element array, and searching and estimating angles of arrival, including a
direction angle and a
pitch angle, of a multipath signal through a
spatial spectrum peak value; and based on the arrival angles, amplitudes and
time delays of the
direct path and the reflection path, inverting an underwater environment structure through a
ray acoustic theory, including a reflection point distance and a reflection surface normal vector, so as to realize three-dimensional
perception of the underwater reflector. According to the invention, multipath resolution can be improved, and
false alarm and missing detection can be effectively reduced.