The invention relates to the technical field of methane emission, and discloses an intelligent detection system for measuring bovine methane emission, which comprises a methane emission detection system, the methane emission detection system comprises a gas inlet system, a collection system, an exhaust system and a processing system; the air inlet system comprises a feed control module, an air flowing module, a feed mobile phone module and an air inlet concentration module; the acquisition system comprises an RFID reader, a head position sensor, an infrared absorption spectrometer and a head respiration detection module. According to the invention, the detection technology of the infrared absorption spectrometer has high accuracy on methane emission of cattle, does not interfere with the action of animals, can carry out real-time monitoring, and has huge advantages under the grazing condition, air can be updated in time conveniently through the air inlet and exhaust system, the situation of detecting the same group of data is avoided, the accuracy of the data is improved, and the detection cost is reduced. The effect of improving the accuracy of detecting the methane emission of the cattle is achieved, and the influence of constraint on the cattle is avoided.