The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent robots, and discloses a segmentation cutting device for a riverway water plant collecting robot. The device comprises a base plate. An extension frame is welded to the right side of the base plate. A rotating shaft is welded to the inner side of a compressing frame, two blades are rotationally arranged at the outer side of the rotating shaft, adjusting rods are hinged to the front faces and the back faces of the blades respectively, and an installing frame is welded to the bottom of the base plate. According to the segmentation cutting device for the riverway water plant collecting robot, by installing the blades in the front of the base plate, when the collecting robot collects water plants inside a riverway, flowing water drivesa turbine to rotate, the turbine drives a rotating wheel to rotate by adjusting a connecting rod and an adjusting wheel, a rotating wheel controls a rotating rod to circularly swing through an annular groove, due to the lever principle, the rotating rod is adopted as a lever, the installing frame is adopted as a pivot, an adjusting rod is driven to move up and down, as shown in the figure 1-2, the blades are opened and closed constantly, staggered and wound water plant rhizomes are cut off, and the water plants are convenient to collect.