The invention relates to a special vehicle for bridge erection and transportation for highways, railways, intercity light rails and the like, and an economically affordable and efficient design method of an engineering bridge transport vehicle. The vehicle at least comprises a front vehicle, a rear vehicle, working devices, a steering system, a transmission system, a hanging system, an anti-overturn bridge, a brake system, an anti-overturn bridge connecting seat, a frame, an operation platform and a connecting piece thereof, and is characterized in that the front vehicle and the rear vehicle are respectively connected with the front part and the rear part of the same bridge via respective working devices, the operation platform is provided with a two-way operation system, and the driver can drive the vehicle forwards or reversely according to different needs so as to make the vehicle driven out of a roadbed quickly after unloading the bridge. The invention can fully meet the technology of bridge transportation construction.