The invention provides an up-conversion photon anti-counterfeiting bar code based on dual-wavelength response and a construction method and application thereof, and belongs to the up-conversion anti-counterfeiting technical field. According to the present invention, a near-infrared laser dual-wavelength is adopted to jointly excite a rare earth doped up-conversion luminescent material, and the transition process of electrons in rare earth ions is regulated and controlled by changing the excitation power of the near-infrared laser, so that different luminescent colors and luminescent intensities are generated; and the luminescent color and the luminescent intensity information of the rare earth doped up-conversion luminescent material are used as the identification codes for coding. Due to fine and flexible adjustment of excitation power, rich spectral information can be obtained; and by constructing a large amount of obtained spectral information into the corresponding up-conversion sub-bar codes, the up-conversion sub-bar codes are randomly combined to obtain the complete up-conversion photon anti-counterfeiting bar codes, so that the complexity of information can be increased, higher flexibility is brought to advanced anti-counterfeiting, the information storage capacity is large, the encryption level is high, and the coding capacity and the anti-counterfeiting level are greatly improved.