The invention discloses a stratosphere airship and an inflating and deflating adjusting method thereof, and belongs to the field of aircraft environment. The stratosphere airship comprises an inflating adjusting system and a deflating adjusting system, wherein the inflating adjusting system consists of a high-pressure gas storage tank, an inflating valve, a main valve and an overpressure helium sac, and the deflating adjusting system consists of the overpressure helium sac, the main valve, a deflating valve, a helium compressor and the high-pressure gas storage tank. When the temperature of a main helium sac is increased, the deflating adjusting system is worked, the helium compressor compresses helium in the overpressure helium sac in the high-pressure gas storage tank for storage, so that the size of the airship is kept unchanged; and when the temperature of the main helium sac is reduced, the inflating adjusting system is worked, the high-pressure gas storage tank releases helium to the overpressure helium sac through the inflating valve and the main valve, and the pressure is kept balanced. According to the inflating and deflating adjusting method disclosed by the invention, the quality of the airship is kept balanced, so that the problem that when the airship is suspended, the height is unstable due to the quality changes caused by the inflating and the deflating of the air sac is solved.