The invention discloses a RFID labeling-based highway emergency warning message (EWM) data packet identification and reception method. The method comprises that 1, a RFID responder is installed at each inlet of a highway, wherein the responder comprises ID information of the highway and information related to mileage from the starting inlet of the highway to the responder and ID information data of parts of the same highway along different driving directions are different, 2, when a vehicle goes through an inlet of the road provided with the RFID responder, a reader installed in the vehicle reads highway ID information and mileage information in the responder, 3, a vehicle-mounted CPU effectively processes and records the acquired ID information and mileage information, accumulates the recorded mileage to the mileage computed at the intersection, and continuously updates the memory cell, and 4, through EWM information received by an OBU, according to preferential identification and comparison between the ID information and mileage information in the EWM data packet, the vehicle determines a relative position relationship with a vehicle in an accident and then determines if the EWM information needs to be read or transmitted.