39 results about "Aloha" patented technology

The invention discloses an RFID electronic tag anti-collision processing system, which relates to the technical field of radio frequency identification and comprises an encryption module, a signal processing module and a real-time processing module. The encryption module is used for realizing label identity verification based on a hash function; the signal processing module adopts a mixed anti-collision mechanism combining a time slot ALOHA protocol and a binary tree search algorithm; the real-time processing module comprises a multi-channel parallel processing unit, and each channel is configured with an independent local frequency. According to the RFID electronic tag anti-collision system, the encryption module, the signal processing module and the real-time processing module are combined, the problem of multi-tag collision of the RFID technology in a high-density and dynamic application scene is effectively solved, the encryption module adopts a hash function and an elliptic curve encryption algorithm, safe and efficient verification of tag identities is achieved, and the security and reliability of the RFID electronic tag are improved. The innovative hybrid anti-collision mechanism of the signal processing module is the combination of a slot ALOHA protocol and a binary tree search algorithm.

The invention discloses a compromise optimization method for information age and synchronization age of an Internet of Things scene, each device transmits in a random access network based on a time slot ALOHA algorithm, only when the device has an untransmitted data packet and the weighted gain of the information age and the synchronization age is greater than a threshold, the transmission is selected, otherwise, the transmission is kept silent. Any device updates the posterior joint probability distribution of the information age and the age gain of the network at the beginning of the time slot, estimates the weighted decline amount of the information age and the age gain of the network through the probability distribution, and then adaptively adjusts the transmission probability and the threshold value according to the weighted decline amount. And finally, the probability distribution is updated according to the channel state and the access parameter. According to the method, the information age and the age gain probability distribution of each device are updated at each time slot through the Bayesian updating rule, and the optimal transmission probability and threshold are calculated, so that the information age and the synchronization age of the random access network are effectively optimized.

The present disclosure relates to a device and method for supporting slotted ALOHA for ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a device and method for supporting enhanced slotted ALOHA schemes for ambient IoT system in ambient IoT communication.

The application provides a time slot ALOHA adaptive access method which allows age gain threshold and sending probability to dynamically change with time slots under a multi-packet receiving mechanism. The method gives an initial age gain distribution, and performs the following steps in each time slot: each time slot initial access point sets sending probability and age gain threshold according to the estimated age gain distribution, aiming at maximizing current time slot AoI reduction expectation value; users whose real-time age gain is greater than or equal to the set threshold in each time slot access the channel with the set sending probability, if the number of simultaneously transmitted users in the time slot is less than or equal to the packet acceptance capacity γ of the receiving end, the transmission is successful, otherwise all fail; the access point at the end of each time slot records the observed information of the number of simultaneously transmitted users in the time slot; and the access point at the end of each time slot estimates the age gain distribution at the beginning of the next time slot based on the Bayesian updating theory according to the age gain distribution estimated at the beginning of the time slot, the observed information in the time slot and data arrival probability.

This invention introduces an energy-efficient communication protocol for Ambient IoT, integrating Slotted ALOHA with RF energy harvesting to enable reliable interaction between ultra-low-power, battery-less devices and 5G / 6G base stations or relay UEs. Devices first harvest energy from a Carrier Wave (CW) signal, followed by a structured five-message exchange (Msg0–Msg4) handling synchronization, random access, data transmission, and acknowledgments. Time-frequency resources are dynamically allocated based on device energy levels and random IDs, reducing collisions and improving throughput. Control signals use differential encoding for robustness. Each message is framed with a preamble and postamble, allowing the device to detect the start and end of the signal. Padding is inserted before the preamble to ensure alignment with NR OFDM symbol boundaries. A Slotted ALOHA-based retransmission strategy enhances channel reuse. Eliminating dedicated RFID readers, this approach supports long-range, interference-managed communication, offering a scalable, low-latency, and cost-effective solution for massive machine-type communication (mMTC) in next-generation Ambient IoT networks.

The invention provides a time slot ALOHA adaptive access method which allows an age gain threshold value and a sending probability to dynamically change along with a time slot under a multi-packet receiving mechanism. According to the method, age gain initial distribution is given, and the following steps are executed in each time slot: each time slot initial access point sets a sending probability and an age gain threshold by taking maximization of a current time slot AoI reduction amount expected value as a target according to the estimated age gain distribution; the users whose real-time age gains are greater than or equal to a set threshold in each time slot are accessed to a channel according to a set sending probability, if the number of the users simultaneously transmitted in the time slot is less than or equal to the packet acceptance gamma of the receiving end, the transmission is successful, otherwise, all the users fail; the last access point of each time slot records the observation information of the number of users transmitted at the same time in the time slot; and each time slot end access point estimates the age gain distribution of the next time slot beginning based on the Bayesian update theory according to the age gain distribution estimated by the time slot beginning, the observation information in the time slot and the data arrival probability.

The invention provides a hybrid transmission method for time and event trigger streams in an industrial wireless network. Comprising the following steps: step 1, establishing a first-order logic constraint model of time-triggered TT stream conflict-free transmission, realizing centralized scheduling of time slot resources based on a Gurobi solver, and realizing conflict-free transmission of TT streams in IWN; and step 2, on the basis of TT flow centralized scheduling, designing an ET flow competition transmission mechanism based on time slot Aloha, and on the basis that the ET flow does not occupy TT flow time slot resources, realizing mixed transmission of the TT flow and the ET flow. According to the method, the first-order logic constraint model of the time-triggered TT flow conflict-free transmission is established, so that the TT flow can exclusively share time slot resources; on the premise of not occupying TT stream transmission resources, an ET stream-oriented low-delay distributed competitive access mechanism is designed, and hybrid transmission of TT streams and ET streams is realized.

The invention relates to an underwater wireless optical communication networking method and system based on an improved time slot ALOHA protocol. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring original audio and video data and processing the original audio and video data to obtain a frame coding signal; based on this, an initial time slot allocation scheme is generated by measuring the propagation time delay of an underwater node optical signal. Then, underwater environment data are collected, high-risk nodes are determined in combination with the initial time slot allocation scheme, and an optimized time slot allocation table is obtained; and then, extracting data from the optimized time slot distribution table, combining with a network load monitoring value, and optimizing a communication strategy by using a load balancing algorithm. And finally, monitoring the operation condition of the communication strategy to obtain real-time monitoring data, and performing optimization adjustment in combination with the channel state parameters to obtain final communication protocol parameters. According to the steps, data transmission conflicts are effectively reduced, the time slot utilization rate is improved, wireless optical communication networking can better adapt to the complex and changeable underwater environment, the signal interference and the packet loss rate are reduced, and stability and reliability of communication are guaranteed.

The invention provides an end station batch access method based on a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) satellite system, which is applied to a far-end station in a star-shaped satellite TDMA system network and comprises the following steps of: receiving a DLTD (Data Link Transfer Database) broadcasted by a central station through a modulator forward link; whether the onoff in the received DLTD is 1 or not is judged, if not, login is randomly initiated according to a time slot ALOHA mode, if yes, whether deviceid of the remote station exists in a remote station identification sequence or not is checked, if yes, whether the ith login time slot in the super-frame count sfCount meets the condition for initiating login access or not is judged, if the condition is met, login access is initiated in the login time slot, and if not, login is not performed. According to the scheme, remote stations can be accessed in batches, a large number of remote stations can be accessed in a short time, and the problem of rapid online of a large number of remote stations is solved.

The present invention relates to a method for monitoring and dynamically adjusting the receiving gain of a high-frequency RFID system, and belongs to the field of radio frequency identification. The present invention is applicable to a high-frequency RFID system that adopts a dynamic Q-value ALOHA algorithm, such as a high-frequency RFID system that adopts the ISO18000‑3 protocol Mode 3 mode. The method mainly includes: (1) receiving gain monitoring, monitoring the current receiving gain in the anti-collision process, and judging whether the current receiving gain is appropriate. (2) receiving gain adjustment. The dynamic adjustment of the receiving gain is combined with the anti-collision algorithm process to ensure that each tag can be recognized by the reader when the receiving gain is appropriate during the multi-tag reading process, thereby improving the dynamic range of the reader. The method proposed in the present invention realizes the monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the receiving gain of the high-frequency RFID system, and can solve the problem that under a specific gain, the response signal of some tags is too strong, resulting in saturation of the receiving link or the receiving signal is too small to be correctly read by the reader, thereby effectively improving the reading accuracy of the high-frequency RFID system.

The present application relates to a signal demodulation method, apparatus, computer equipment, storage medium and product. The method comprises: receiving a target transmission signal; wherein the target transmission signal is a signal generated by a collision between a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal that do not completely overlap in the time domain during transmission based on a time slot ALOHA protocol, and the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal are signals encoded by a target coding method, and the target coding method is used to encode a level signal corresponding to a code element into two different level signals; determining candidate transition edges of the target transmission signal; selecting the first transition edge of the first transmission signal and the second transition edge of the second transmission signal from the candidate transition edges according to the code element period corresponding to the target coding method; and demodulating the target transmission signal according to the level change information of the target transmission signal at the first transition edge and the level change information at the second transition edge. The use of this method can improve resource utilization and signal transmission efficiency.

This invention provides a hybrid transmission method for time-triggered and event-triggered streams in industrial wireless networks (IWNs). The method includes: Step 1, establishing a first-order logical constraint model for conflict-free transmission of time-triggered (TT) streams, and implementing centralized scheduling of time slot resources based on the Gurobi solver to achieve conflict-free transmission of TT streams in IWNs; Step 2, based on the centralized scheduling of TT streams, designing an ET stream contention transmission mechanism based on time slot Aloha, achieving hybrid transmission of TT and ET streams without consuming TT stream time slot resources. This invention ensures that TT streams can exclusively enjoy time slot resources by establishing a first-order logical constraint model for conflict-free transmission of time-triggered TT streams; and designs a low-latency distributed contention access mechanism for ET streams without consuming TT stream transmission resources, thus achieving hybrid transmission of TT and ET streams.

The invention discloses a data sending method and device and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: determining a data frame between any two time slot starting points in a time slot access control protocol; a network congestion level and a terminal identifier are obtained, the network congestion level is used for reflecting the network congestion degree of the network side, and the terminal identifier is an identity identifier temporarily allocated to the terminal device by the network side; and determining the number of time slots for delayed transmission of the data frame according to the network congestion level and the terminal identifier, and transmitting the data frame according to the number of time slots. According to the method and the device, the technical problem of high data frame collision probability when the number of the terminals is large in the time slot ALOHA protocol of the Internet of Things is solved.

The invention discloses a satellite communication system frequency offset compensation method and device based on software active compensation, and the method specifically comprises the steps: a central station obtains the space link frequency offset of a satellite communication system through channel monitoring, sets the actual receiving frequency of an ALOHA channel according to the space link frequency offset, and transmits a space link frequency offset value through TDM broadcast; in the process that the terminal station searches and receives the TDM, local frequency offset is obtained according to the receiving offset, the channel frequency offset and the space link frequency offset; the terminal station calculates the relative frequency difference ratio of the clock source according to the local frequency offset and the reference clock source frequency; and the terminal station sets a corresponding channel actual frequency according to the clock relative deviation ratio and the calculation frequency. The frequency offset compensation of the satellite communication system can be realized only through a software mode, the hardware expenditure is saved, the method has the advantages of high compensation accuracy, simple method, easiness in implementation, active compensation and no need of manual intervention, and the stability and reliability of the satellite communication system are improved.

The invention provides a satellite-ground two-step random access enhancement method based on irregular repeated time slot ALOHA. The satellite-ground two-step random access enhancement method comprises the following steps: step 1, designing a random access process method; 2, preamble design and timing detection are carried out; step 3, a receiving end demodulation and interference elimination process; and 4, performing simulation verification and performance evaluation. According to the invention, an irregular repeated time slot ALOHA strategy, a double-preamble (2-rooted PRACH preamble) detection technology, an orthogonal pilot channel estimation technology, a continuous interference elimination technology and the like are introduced, so that a satellite-ground two-step random access system level method is designed. Simulation results show that the method can improve the throughput of satellite-ground random access, significantly reduce the access delay, and improve the access speed and the access capacity.

The invention discloses a multi-slot spread spectrum random access method and a multi-slot spread spectrum random access system for satellite short message communication. According to the method, a micro time slot structure is set on a satellite uplink, a user terminal estimates propagation time delay and pre-compensates a sending moment by using GNSS information, and spread spectrum signals with the duration being integral multiples of a micro time slot are generated for cross-time-slot discretization transmission. Compared with a standard time slot spread spectrum ALOHA, the signal overlapping density at the synchronization moment is remarkably reduced through a discretization mechanism, and on the premise of maintaining microsecond-level synchronization precision, the capturing pressure of a receiver and the strict requirement for spread spectrum code orthogonality are effectively relieved; compared with pure spread spectrum ALOHA, the method has the advantages that the channel resource utilization rate and the system throughput performance are obviously improved under medium user concurrent load; and meanwhile, the capability of flexibly adapting to the variable-length message is realized, and the optimal balance among the system capacity, the engineering cost and the service flexibility is realized.

Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be associated with early data transmission in enhanced coverage using diversity slotted aloha in non-terrestrial networks. A device may be configured to receive broadcast configuration information. The broadcast configuration information may include a first condition and a second condition. A first coverage level may be determined based on whether the first condition is satisfied. A random-access configuration associated with the first coverage level may be selected based on the broadcast configuration information and based on whether the second condition is satisfied. Based on a determination that the random-access configuration enables a preamble-less early data transmission (EDT), the WTRU may determine at least at one physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource allocation parameter. The random-access configuration and the PUSCH at least one resource allocation parameter may be transmitted using the preamble-less EDT.

A terminal priority-based IRSA-NOMA random access method is designed to address the high collision rate of random access by heterogeneous terminals in large-scale machine-type communications (mMTC). Specifically, the IRSA-NOMA protocol is designed, combining irregularly repeated slotted ALOHA and power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (POMA) based on terminal priority. Secondly, uplink diversity degree and power level selection schemes are designed for high- and low-priority terminals based on the proportion of high-priority terminals. Terminals then use the IRSA-NOMA protocol to perform uplink access transmissions. Finally, the base station receives uplink access signals from multiple terminals and uses sequential interference cancellation (SIC) to detect and eliminate access conflicts frame by frame. This method optimizes uplink transmission parameters based on terminal priority, reducing the probability of random access collisions for large-scale terminals and improving the overload capacity and throughput of the mMTC system.

The application provides a satellite-to-ground two-step random access enhancement method based on irregular repeated time slot ALOHA, which comprises the following steps: step one, random access flow method design; step two, preamble design and timing detection; step three, receiver demodulation and interference cancellation process; and step four, simulation verification and performance evaluation. The application designs a satellite-to-ground two-step random access system level method by introducing irregular repeated time slot ALOHA strategy, double preamble sequence (2-rooted PRACH preamble) detection technology, orthogonal pilot channel estimation technology and continuous interference cancellation technology. The simulation results show that the method can improve the throughput of satellite-to-ground random access, significantly reduce the access delay, and improve the access speed and access capacity.

The invention relates to a method and a system for optimizing Age of information (AoI) of uplink transmission of a data packet under a pure Aloha protocol in LoRa, and aims to improve the timeliness of the data packet, optimize the quality of data transmission and reduce information delay and system response time. Comprising the following steps: establishing a system model for collision and retransmission in a LoRa data packet transmission process under a pure Aloha protocol, and analyzing the possible influence of data packet retransmission on LoRa security. According to the model, channel selection, SF (Spreading Factor) setting and possible data packet collision conditions in the LoRa network are considered. By analyzing the transmission effects of different channel and spreading factor combinations, the collision probability of the data packet in the transmission process and the influence of the collision probability on the AoI can be calculated. In order to realize optimal channel and SF selection, a deep reinforcement learning method is adopted, a training model is constructed to dynamically select an optimal transmission strategy, and collision events and retransmission times are reduced through intelligent adjustment of channel selection and spreading factors, so that the timeliness of data packets and the security of the LoRa network are improved. The method is suitable for various LoRa Internet of Things applications, including but not limited to the fields of intelligent cities, environment monitoring, intelligent agriculture, intelligent logistics and the like, and particularly has important practical value for Internet of Things application scenes needing high timeliness and real-time response.

This solution relates to a LoRa network-based non-persistent carrier sense multiple access system and method in the field of low-power communications. It includes a network infrastructure that adopts the LoRa network architecture and replaces the ALOHA transmission scheduling mode of the LoRa network infrastructure with the NP-CSMA access mode. This solves the channel conflict problem in the current LoRa network and is applied to LoRa local area network signal transmission to improve the scalability and signal stability of the LoRa network.

The present application relates to a method for optimizing the Age of Information (AoI) of data packet uplink transmission under the pure Aloha protocol in LoRa, aiming to improve the timeliness of data packets, optimize the quality of data transmission, and reduce information delay and system response time. It includes: a system model for collision and retransmission of LoRa data packet transmission process under the pure Aloha protocol is established, and the possible impact of data packet retransmission on LoRa security is analyzed. The model takes into account channel selection, spreading factor (SF) setting and possible data packet collision in LoRa network. By analyzing the transmission effect of different channel and spreading factor combinations, the collision probability of data packets in the transmission process and its impact on AoI can be calculated. In order to achieve the optimal channel and SF selection, the present application adopts the method of deep reinforcement learning, constructs a training model to dynamically select the best transmission strategy, adjusts the channel selection and spreading factor intelligently, reduces the collision events and the number of retransmissions, and thus improves the timeliness of data packets and the security of LoRa network. The present application is suitable for various LoRa Internet of Things applications, including but not limited to smart city, environmental monitoring, intelligent agriculture, intelligent logistics and other fields, especially for Internet of Things application scenarios that require high timeliness and real-time response, and has important practical value.

The present disclosure provides a method and system for energy- aware random access scheduling and resource allocation in wireless networks comprising ambient Internet of Things (IoT) devices. A paging signal is broadcast by a network entity, defining a time-frequency contention grid used by ultra-low power, battery-less devices to transmit random access messages via a slotted ALOHA protocol. Each message includes a unique device identifier, energy status, and message size. The network processes these messages to detect contention outcomes and allocates communication resources accordingly. Devices receiving acknowledgment (ACK) proceed with uplink transmission, while those receiving negative acknowledgment (NAK) reattempt access based on a probabilistic backoff scheme with a retry limit. The number of contention slots is dynamically optimized based on network load, latency goals, and energy constraints to minimize collisions and improve scalability. The invention enables efficient, fair, and low-power communication in dense IoT deployments, particularly within massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) scenarios in 5G and 6G networks.

The invention discloses a LoRa multi-hop ad hoc network communication method and a LoRa multi-hop ad hoc network communication system for a mountainous meteorological monitoring system. Comprising a plurality of gateway nodes and a plurality of sensor nodes, LoRa communication is adopted among the nodes, and an ALOHA protocol is adopted by an MAC layer to reduce power consumption. In a network initialization stage, nodes take GPS coordinates as unique logic addresses to realize simple address management; in the dynamic network access stage, the node preferentially selects a father node based on the RSSI signal strength; uploading the data to the gateway hop by hop through the father node; and in the self-healing and ring prevention stage, network self-healing is realized through father node failure detection and rapid switching, an active broadcast updating mechanism based on child node change triggering is adopted, invalid routing is forcibly deleted, a loop is forcibly disconnected, and formation of a routing ring is effectively prevented. The method solves the problems of poor networking reliability, easy loop formation, complex address management, insufficient topology adaptability and the like in a mountainous area environment, and has the advantages of simple deployment, low maintenance cost and wide coverage range.

The present invention discloses a method and system for conflict resolution in a communication system based on slotted ALOHA and NOMA. A communication system model combining slotted ALOHA and NOMA is constructed. The communication system model includes unauthorized random access of N users. The N user nodes are accessed to the network formed by the communication model according to Q1 newly allocated packet transmission power levels, and the collided data packets are moved into the collision queue. Conflict resolution is synchronously performed on the obtained collision queue based on the FCFS algorithm. The collision queue that has not been resolved after completion is saved, and the feedback information (0, 1, e) and R, L after the end of the Mth time slot are recorded. The time slot number, the lower threshold of the decomposition interval, and the collision queue are updated according to the feedback information (0, 1, e) and R, L. Conflict resolution is performed on the obtained collision queue based on the FCFS algorithm until all data packets are successfully transmitted. The present invention can obtain a higher passing rate and a lower average delay, and realizes the improvement of the system passing rate and delay performance.

The application discloses an Aloha network transmission method for optimizing information age, comprising the following steps: S1, for a time slot V2X Aloha network based on limited retry limit, a queuing system is modeled as a double-server queue system; S2, the average AoI of the double-server queue system is characterized; S3, based on Markov modeling of the queue head state, the average service time and the steady-state probability of successfully transmitting a data packet are characterized; S4, the node transmission probability of minimizing AoI and the number of retransmissions are selected. The application uses randomly generated data packets, a large buffer can accommodate any number of data packets, and the average AoI performance is improved by using a limited number of retries.

The application provides a protocol method of an irregular repeated time slot ALOHA based on terminal priority, and mainly solves the problems of throughput performance decline and low throughput performance of IRSA protocol and PR-ALOHA under high channel load; the scheme steps of the application are as follows: based on the IRSA protocol, an access controller is added to construct a P-IRSA scheme system model framework; the application constructs a new P-IRSA scheme, retains the original high performance of the IRSA scheme on the basis of the IRSA protocol, adds the access controller which influences the access probability of terminal equipment, and gives different access probabilities to terminal equipment with different priorities according to the estimated value of the current channel load. The actual experiment for verifying the scheme shows the superiority of the scheme.

Provisioning Medium Access Control (MAC) parameters for Ambient Internet of Things devices (AIoT devices). Ambient Internet of Things devices are given a random Q parameter from which they determine a random back-off time. The back-off time is used for random access (e.g. ALOHA) to the network. Analysis of received messages is performed for conformance of the ambient IoT devices to a timeout period associated with messages from the ambient IoT devices. A determination is made whether to increase or decrease the size of the interval based on the analysis; and based on the determination, an indication to increase or decrease the value(s) for the parameter(s) (i.e. the Q parameter) is sent towards the ambient IoT devices. Different ambient IoT devices, or different groups of ambient IoT devices may have different interval sizes. Parameters may be based on one or more reliability constraints and one or more latency constraints related to the ambient IoT devices and the parameters influence delivery rate and latency for random access by the devices.

This invention discloses a method and system for optimizing the energy efficiency of LoRa networks considering coding rate, belonging to the field of network optimization technology. The method mainly includes: constructing a LoRa performance model considering coding rate based on LoRa network parameters and the non-slotted ALOHA protocol; performing energy-aware sorting configuration initialization to obtain a priority list; performing asymptotic probability constraint allocation to obtain an initial spread factor and coding rate combination for each node; and performing neighborhood refinement search to obtain a refined spread factor and coding rate combination. Implementing the LoRa network energy efficiency optimization method and system considering coding rate provided by this invention can enhance the scalability of LoRa networks and further improve energy efficiency.

Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations including: selecting, from a resource pool, a first time and frequency resource for sending a first random access message replica of a random access message instance; selecting, from a resource pool, a second time and frequency resource for sending a second random access message replica of the random access message instance; and sending the random access message instance including the first replica on the first time and frequency resource and including the second replica on the second time and frequency resource.