The invention discloses a cleaning device for a steel structure building. Comprising a front supporting frame, a front supporting base, a first belt wheel, a second belt wheel, a third belt wheel, a front storage box, a front brake motor, a front push-pull groove, a front storage groove, a first push rod motor, a second push rod motor, a front push-pull column, a front columnar electromagnet, a front permanent magnet column, a front recognition camera, a cleaning part, an auxiliary part and a dragging part. Front supporting frames are fixed to the left portion and the right portion of the front end of the building body respectively, a horizontal front supporting seat is jointly installed at the front ends of the two front supporting frames, and a horizontal first belt wheel, a horizontal second belt wheel and a horizontal third belt wheel are sequentially fixed to the front end of the front supporting seat from left to right. A front brake motor and a rear brake motor are controlled to rotate forwards and backwards at the same time, so that a dragging belt can be dragged forwards and backwards, and then a first push rod motor, a second push rod motor, a third push rod motor and a fourth push rod motor are used for pushing and pulling a first supporting rod, a second supporting rod and a third supporting rod.