The invention relates to a circuit breaker structure achieving rapid releasing through electric repulsion force and a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker structure comprises a static contact, a moving contact, an elastic piece and an operating mechanism. An execution unit is arranged between the moving contact and the operating mechanism and comprises a draw bar, the draw bar and the operating mechanism are hinged and matched, the draw bar moves to actuate the operating mechanism, a first connecting bar is arranged at the tail end of the moving contact, a second connecting bar is fixedly connected with the tail end of a rotating shaft, the other end of the second connecting bar actuates the draw bar, one end of the first connecting bar is rotationally connected with the tail end of the moving contact, and the other end of the first connecting bar is fixedly connected with the middle of the second connecting bar. When the rotating shaft and the moving contact are linked, the first connecting bar and the second connecting bar do not move. When the moving contact overcomes elastic force of the elastic piece and moves relative to the rotating shaft, the first connecting bar drives the second connecting bar to move to drive the draw bar to make the operating mechanism released, when the moving contact is repelled by the electric repulsion force, the circuit breaker operating mechanism can be synchronously triggered, the mechanism can be rapidly released, and secondary drop of the moving contact and fusion welding of the contacts can be avoided.