The invention discloses a shallow sea three-dimensional floating algal bed device and a construction method of the shallow sea three-dimensional floating algal bed device. An algal bed comprises soft-chain structures, a rigid framework structure and a shape-setting framework. The rigid framework structure comprises rigid frameworks, rigid framework tying ropes and rigid framework pile cables, wherein cultivation meshes are arranged on the top surfaces of the rigid frameworks, drooping alga cultivation curtains are tied to the side faces of the rigid frameworks, the lower ends of the alga cultivation curtains are connected with the shape-setting framework located underwater, and the rigid frameworks are connected with one another through the rigid framework tying ropes where floating balls are hung; the soft-chain structures are arranged around the connected rigid frameworks, wherein the soft-chain structures comprise rope cables, floating balls, tying ropes and alga cultivation seedling ropes; the drooping alga cultivation seedling ropes are fixed to the rope cables, and the two ends of each rope cable are connected with shape-setting piles through the corresponding pile cables. According to the shallow sea three-dimensional floating algal bed device and the construction method of the shallow sea three-dimensional floating algal bed, operation is simple, the input is low, the yield is high, the important functions of ecological reconstruction and ecological remediation are achieved, the fish gathering effect in ecological cultivation is good, and the economic benefit, the social benefit and the ecological benefit are remarkable.