The invention discloses a kit for detecting an ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor based on an HPLC-MS / MS method and a detection method. The ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor comprises imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, panatinib and flumatinib. The kit comprises the following reagents: a sample treatment solution, a standard substance, a quality control substance, an internal standard solution and a mobile phase, wherein the mobile phase comprises a mobile phase A and a mobile phase B; the mobile phase A is a 0.1% formic acid methanol solution; the mobile phase B is a 2 mmol.L <-1 > ammonium acetate and -0.1% formic acid aqueous solution; according to the invention, the concentration of the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the blood plasma is quantitatively detected based on an HPLC-MS / MS technology; the detection result is not interfered by common drugs and combined drugs, and the accuracy of quantitative detection of the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor is greatly improved; the kit is helpful for improving the detection quality of the ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor and promoting the standardization and normalization of a detection method, so that the blood concentration of the clinical ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor can be monitored more quickly, accurately and reliably.