The present invention discloses an adaptive gray-level image pseudo-color processing method. The method comprises: performing statistics of the gray value of a gray-level image, and obtaining the appearance probability distribution of each gray value in the image; expanding the image in the dynamic range of the gray value from 0 to 255, and obtaining the gray value balance histogram of the image; selecting three most obvious peak values in the gray value balance histogram, and respectively taking the three peak values as the mean values of the three-color (red, green and blue) Gaussian channels; determining the variance of the Gaussian channels according to the distribution of the three peaks, distributing the weights for the Gaussian channels according to the difference of the probabilities of the three peaks, and obtaining the function expressions of the red, green and blue three-color Gaussian channels; and finally, passing the gray-level values through the red, green and blue three-color Gaussian channels, merging the output images, and obtaining a processed pseudo-color image. Through adoption of the image gray having approximate Gaussian distribution or a plurality of Gaussian distribution superposition characteristics, the adaptive gray-level image pseudo-color processing method solves the problem that the visual sense effect is not continuous by employing the pseudo-color processing technology in the prior art.