The invention provides an iPSC residue detection method using ESRG gene as a universal marker gene. According to the iPSC residue detection method using the ESRG gene as the universal marker gene, thenumber of the ESRG genes in a sample is quantitatively detected through a qPCR detection method, so that iPSC residues in the sample are detected. According to the method, an ESRG gene segment is adopted as the universal marker gene, a series of cells including endothelial progenitor cells, neural stem cells, retinal pigment epitheliums, hepatocytes, natural killer cells, myocardial cells, isletbodies and the like can be detected, and the marker gene does not need to be replaced; and meanwhile, detection can be carried out in a short time, and the detection efficiency is greatly improved. According to the method, during detection, only mRNA extraction, reverse transcription and qPCR reagents are needed, the cost is low, and the accuracy is high.