34 results about "Precipitation measurement" patented technology

The present invention is directed to a radio-acoustic sounding system for providing wind measurements at altitudes of 100 meters or less. Wind measurements are obtained by transmitting a pulse of audio frequency energy through one or more volumes corresponding to the coverage area of one or more radio frequency transceivers. The frequency of the audio pulse is selected to have a wavelength that is one-half the wavelength of the electromagnetic energy transmitted by the antenna or antennas. By monitoring a return radio frequency signal at selected times following the transmission of the audio pulse, wind data is obtained at selected altitudes. Wind speed and direction can be obtained by observing the Doppler frequency shift of return radio frequency signals, or by observing the amplitude of the return radio frequency signals. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, precipitation measurements may be made by transmitting a radio frequency signal at the same radio frequency as is used in connection with wind measurements, and observing return radio frequency signals.

An embodiment of the invention provides an X-band dual-polarization weather radar quantitative precipitation measurement method and an X-band dual-polarization weather radar quantitative precipitationmeasurement system. The X-band dual-polarization weather radar quantitative precipitation measurement method comprises the steps of: utilizing an X-band dual-polarization radar to obtain radar data in a detection range, and using a laser raindrop spectrograph to obtain an actually measured raindrop spectrum of a detection point; acquiring a radar reflectivity factor and an attenuation rate; acquiring an actually measured rainfall rate and a radar reflectivity factor true value of the detection point based on the actually measured raindrop spectrum, acquiring an attenuation rate true value ofthe detection point through T matrix scattering simulation, acquiring a rainfall function in the detection range through fitting the actually measured rainfall rate and the attenuation rate true value, and further acquiring a rainfall rate; inverting the rainfall rate by using the attenuation rate if the radar reflectivity factor is greater than a first set threshold value; and acquiring an attenuation rate function in the detection range through fitting the radar reflectivity factor true value and the attenuation rate true value is the radar reflectivity factor is not greater than the first set threshold value, and then acquiring a rainfall rate in the detection range based on the attenuation rate function. The X-band dual-polarization weather radar quantitative precipitation measurementmethod and the X-band dual-polarization weather radar quantitative precipitation measurement system can acquire more precise predicted rainfall rates.

The invention discloses a multi-band microwave link-combined regional precipitation measurement method. The method includes the following steps that: data acquisition devices are installed on each microwave link transmitting and receiving base station, and the signal level values RSL of the microwave transmitting and receiving ends are collected and transmitted to a central server in real time, and the path attenuation value of each microwave link is obtained through calculation according to point-to-point microwave links; the central server stores the signal level values RSL sent by each base station in the form of FTP files, carries out matching according to the point-to-point microwave links, and establishes a topological structure of multi-band microwave links based on the geographical positions of the microwave link transmitting and receiving base stations; and two-dimensional grids are established according to the topological structure, and links in each grid are marked. The method has the advantages of wide coverage, low hardware costs and the like. With the method adopted, deficiencies of an existing meteorological observation station network in observation resolution and coverage can be made up.

The invention discloses a mountainous precipitation measurement and calculation method suitable for a south-eastern Tibetan plateau area and an application. The mountainous precipitation measurement and calculation method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining the altitude, slope aspect and gradient of a mountainous area to be subjected to precipitation measurement and calculation; secondly determining a subarea in which the mountainous area to be subjected to the precipitation measurement and calculation is located according to a geographic position of the mountainous area to be subjected to the precipitation measurement and calculation; and finally performing calculation by applying a precipitation vertical distribution relational expression of the subarea to obtain a precipitation amount of the mountainous area to be subjected to the precipitation measurement and calculation. The method is reliable in principle and scientific, simple and convenient in calculation process, can be universally suitable for obtaining precipitation data of a high-altitude area lack of meteorological stations in the south-eastern Tibetan plateau area, and has important reference values for precipitation estimation and flow concentration calculation of mountainous hazard forming areas of debris flow and the like.

The application relates to a precipitation measurement method and device based on image identification. The method includes the following steps: a, acquiring a raindrop image through a camera device;b, filtering the raindrop image by a morphological filtering algorithm, identifying the edge of raindrop, and obtaining a raindrop target area in the raindrop image; and c, calculating the area of raindrop in the raindrop target area, estimating the amount of raindrop water according to the area of raindrop, and estimating the precipitation according to the amount of raindrop water. Precipitationis measured by image identification, and the measurement accuracy of precipitation can reach 0.1mm. Moreover, there is no mechanical action in the measurement process, which is conducive to maintenance and use. The reliability and the authority of meteorological forecast are improved.

Disclosed is an apparatus for calibrating and validating an MRR, the apparatus including a correlation calculation unit configured to determine a correlation between a precipitation strength value and a precipitation measurement value, a regression equation calculation unit configured to calculate a regression equation for the precipitation strength value and to calculate a result value of the regression equation, an optimum accumulation time determination unit configured to determine an optimum accumulation time based on the correlation and the result value, a rain cloud vertical sampling unit configured to sample a rain cloud example, a vertical reflectance comparison unit configured to compare a calibrated MRR at a shortest range distance with a vertical reflectance according to a wind system, and a radar constant correction unit configured to correct a constant of an MRR based on the optimum value or the sampling and a result value of the comparison.

The invention relates to an automatic precipitation measurement device and a measurement method. The automatic precipitation measurement device comprises an L-shaped precipitation determination sensor formed by an L-shaped insulation board and a plurality of determination contacts Ai arranged on the L-shaped insulation board and a monitoring unit, wherein one ends of the determination contacts Ai are communicated with a power source anode V+ through resistors R, the other ends of the determination contacts Ai are connected with nodes Ji to be determined on the monitoring unit, the monitoring unit is connected with a power source cathode or a determination end point C through controlling the nodes Ji to be determined, whether equipment is at fault is determined according to voltage magnitude of the determination end point C, whether rainfall occurs is detected, and precipitation data is detected. According to the automatic precipitation measurement device and the measurement method, whether the rainfall occurs can be detected timely, a precipitation detection mode is simple, once the equipment is at fault, alarm information can be emitted instantly, so problems that whether the rainfall occurs can not be detected and the precipitation detection mode is complex existing in the prior art are effectively settled.

A method for measuring precipitation comprises: acquiring, from at least one coordinate (x,y,z) acquisition site PA, at least one radio signal transmitted from at least one radiofrequency transmission source and periodically measuring the power P(t) of a component of the received signal in order to create series of time-stamped levels (P(t),t) processing, on at least one sliding temporal window, N values of at least one time-stamped series (P(t),t), which includes, on the one hand, determining the type of hydrometeors that are in play (rain, hail, snow, etc.) and determining a reference level for the signal corresponding to the power of the signal that would be received from the transmitter in the absence of hydrometeors and denoted (Pref(t),t) and calculating a sequence of rainfall attenuations (or due to other hydrometeors) (ΔP(t),t) according to: ΔP(t)=P(t)−Pref(t). An acquisition device is used for implementing the method.

The invention relates to the field of weather and hydrology and classification of precipitation types, in particular to a method for classifying precipitation types by using a K-nearest neighbor algorithm, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a training data set, 2) selecting a verification sample, and 3) calculating the distance between the verification sample and each training sample in the training data set; 4) selecting K values, classification types of K samples closest to the verification samples in the training data set, and the classification types as the classification types of the verification samples; 5) selecting different K values to calculate and compare, and determining a post-optimal K value, and 6) selecting a real-time sample, calculating and comparing by using the determined optimal K value, and determining the classification type of the real-time sample. The precipitation types are classified by using the ground-based radar data and the tropical precipitation measurement satellite TRMM satellite rainfall type product data on the basis of the K-nearest neighbor algorithm, the precipitation types are quickly and accurately divided on an existing service platform, and the estimation of the precipitation amount is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of precipitation measurement and calculation equipment, and particularly relates to a precipitation measurement and calculation device for frozen soil region observation. The device comprises a base, an outer cylinder is arranged on the base, support columns are fixed at four corners of the bottom of the outer cylinder, the bottoms of the support columns are fixedly connected with the top of the base, and support plates are symmetrically fixed to the top of the base. By arranging the support plates, the two-way lead screw, the rotary knob, the vertical plate, the transverse rod, the clamping plate and the anti-skid rubber pad, the measuring cylinder can be disassembled and assembled more conveniently, and after rainwater is collected, the measuring cylinder can be taken out more conveniently, so that people can observe the precipitation amount conveniently; and by arranging the supporting plate, the inserting block, the triangular block, thefixing block, the guide rod, the sliding plate, a first spring, a trapezoidal block, a connecting rod, a circular ring and a pressing plate, a rain containing funnel can be conveniently disassembledand assembled, so that when needing to be carried, the rain containing funnel can be disassembled from the outer barrel, the height can be reduced, and people can conveniently carry the rain containing funnel.

The invention discloses a deep and far sea resistance-type precipitation measuring device and method based on satellite communication positioning. The measuring device comprises a sea surface floating carrier, a global positioning module, a satellite communication module, a resistance-type precipitation measuring module, a working anchor lamp, a lithium battery pack and a working switch, wherein the resistance-type precipitation measuring module comprises a stainless steel cylindrical shell, an air temperature measuring probe, and a stainless steel filter screen, a water bearing device, a collecting funnel, an electric heating module, a resistance water level probe, a closed water storage container, a drainage pipe, a drainage pump, a posture correction module, a data operation transmission module, a control module and a water temperature measuring probe which are positioned in the stainless steel cylindrical shell. The measuring method comprises the steps of measuring device positioning, rainfall collection, attitude correction, rainfall measurement, rainfall intensity measurement, precipitation and latitude and longitude data transmission, and data receiving, storage and display. The measuring device can be distributed in any sea area globally, can measure all-weather and all-day rainfall and rainfall intensity data of deep and far sea in a global range in real time, and has the characteristics of high sea condition adaptability, wide measuring range, simple and convenient process and the like.

The invention provides a precipitation measurement method and device based on dual-polarization information, and the method comprises the steps: transmitting orthogonal electromagnetic waves to a precipitation region through a dual-polarization radar sensor, and receiving an echo signal containing dual-polarization information; calculating echo signal power and power spectrum distribution of precipitation particles, and classifying precipitation through the acquired dual-polarization information; when the dual-polarized radar sensor points to the sky in a vertical or non-vertical range, calculating the rainfall intensity; and carrying out time integration on the precipitation intensity to obtain precipitation. The volume of the sensor is reduced, precipitation is classified by using dual-polarization information while precipitation measurement is performed, the sensitivity and the time resolution are high, the sensor does not need to keep vertically pointing to the sky, and the wind resistance is high.

The invention discloses a precipitation measurement method and device based on a passive impulse method, and belongs to the technical field of precipitation measurement. The method comprises the steps: setting a semispherical cover which is fully provided with force sensors, wherein different rain drops fall on the semispherical cover, and because the semispherical cover has radian, the impulses brought by the rain drops at different positions are different; the impulses, which are measured by a force sensor, in a direction perpendicular to a falling point gradually decrease from the top of the sphere to the periphery, and when the falling direction of the rain drops is tangential to the semispherical cover, the rain drops cause no impulse to the semispherical cover, and at this moment, the tangential direction is the falling direction of rain drops. The method also comprises the steps: employing a panel which is fully provided with the force sensors for calculating the total impulse of the rain drops according to the vertical impulses measured by the force sensor after the falling direction of the rain drops is obtained; calculating the mass of rain drops according to the momentumconservation and impulse conservation, wherein the motion of rain drops is considered to be constant speed motion in default when the rain drops fall to the ground, and acquiring the precipitation through the density of rainfall. The method ingeniously achieves the acquisition of the real-time rainfall without storing the rainfall.

The invention relates to an anti-fouling and anti-blocking precipitation measuring device. The device comprises a rain gauge body and a dust cover; the dust cover comprises a shell, a cleaning device and a power device; the shell comprises a cover body, a funnel and a containing cylinder; the outer bottom surface of the containing cylinder is connected with a mounting plate; the rain gauge body is arranged in the containing cylinder; the funnel is connected to an opening in the upper end of the containing cylinder; the cover body is connected to the upper end of the peripheral wall of the containing cylinder; the cleaning device comprises a driven wheel and a tower spring; the conical outer wall of the tower spring is in sliding contact with the inner surface of the funnel; the power device comprises a bearing plate, a wind cup, a driving wheel and a belt; the driving wheel and the driven wheel are connected through the belt penetrating through a first cylinder. With the anti-fouling and anti-blocking precipitation measuring device of the invention adopted, the problems that a rain gauge is easy to block and is poor in anti-blocking effect can be solved.

It is a shipment rain measurement device, which comprises measuring cylinder, rain holder and water storage container connected with the holder and special top plat. The top plat has a top balance ring fixed on the holder of the plat through a pair of top balance couple devices. The rain device is fixed in the balance ring through a pair of top balance devices with relative gravity to make the rain device in the center of the top balance ring with both tundishes into one body with air pipe.