The invention discloses a blockchain synchronization method and device based on NDN (Named Data Networking), and belongs to the technical field of communication. The method comprises the steps that: user equipment sends a blockchain synchronization request packet to a network node, wherein a name of the blockchain synchronization request packet comprises a NDN protocol identifier, an application identifier, a request packet type and state information of a blockchain, and the state information of the blockchain is used for indicating a height of a block with the maximum height in the blockchain stored by the user equipment; and receiving a synchronous data packet returned by the network node, and extracting a block in the synchronous data packet to store into a blockchain database. The synchronization method is a blockchain system communication implementation method based on the NDN, and can reduce network communication traffic, reduce transmission delay and improve data transmission efficiency.