The invention discloses a charging and battery replacing monitoring system and method based on internet of things. The system comprises terminal information acquisition equipment, charging and battery replacing monitoring equipment and area monitoring equipment, wherein the terminal information acquisition equipment is used for carrying out identity identification, state information acquisition and dynamic positioning on terminal equipment by utilizing an information sensing mode, transmitting identity identification information to the charging and battery replacing monitoring equipment through a wireless network, and transmitting the state information and the positioning information to the area monitoring equipment through the wireless network; the charging and battery replacing monitoring equipment is used for receiving the identity identification information of the terminal equipment, monitoring the working state of a charging and battery replacing station, metering and charging the charging and battery replacing process, and transmitting the state information of the charging and battery replacing station, the metering and charging information and the identity identification information to the area monitoring equipment; and the area monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the terminal equipment and the charging and battery replacing station in a jurisdiction area and making a statistics on the metering and charging information. Through the system and the method disclosed by the invention, concentrated monitoring and management on the terminal equipment and the charging and battery replacing station can be carried out.