The invention discloses an oil-based drilling cutting treatment method. The oil-based drilling cutting treatment method comprises oil-based drilling cutting extraction, separation of an extract liquor, recycling of a switchable solvent, repeated separation and extraction, oil-based drilling cutting component analysis and the like. The method can be performed under a mild condition without high temperature, high pressure and other additional conditions, and changes of hydrophilic performance of the solvent can be intelligently controlled under the stimulus-response of CO2; the viscosity reduction effect on oil-based drilling cuttings is good, the separation capacity for mineral oil in the oil-based drilling cuttings is good, the recovery rate of oil can be up to 95% or higher, the ignition point of the switchable solvent CyNMe2 is high, the method does not have a biological accumulation effect, the recovery rate of the solvent can be up to 85% or higher, and the recovery efficiency can be further improved with methods such as infrared heating, addition of chemical agents and the like.