76 results about "Physical Stimulation" patented technology

The invention discloses a sensory nerve quantitative detection method and system based on electroencephalogram characteristics, and relates to the technical field of electroencephalogram measurement, and the method comprises the steps: building detection files in one-to-one correspondence with users; respectively wearing the current stimulation module and the electroencephalogram detection module on the wrist and the head of the user; current stimulation is applied to a user step by step through a current stimulation module, and gamma waves in electroencephalogram signals of the user are collected in real time through an electroencephalogram detection module; gamma waves in the electroencephalogram signals of the user are analyzed, and whether the intensity of current applied to the user by the current stimulation module exceeds a physical stimulation sensing threshold value of the subject or not is judged; and analyzing severity grades of sensory disorders. The method has the advantages that detection is carried out through brain wave signals without relying on subjective feedback of a patient, interference of factors such as emotion and psychology is avoided, and even a special patient who cannot carry out self-perception report can complete sensory nerve quantitative detection through objective physiological reaction of brain waves.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, initiating a presence within first metaverse environment, wherein the presence includes a correlation between a physical stimulation of a human interface and first virtual stimuli occurring within the first metaverse environment. A virtual interconnection is initiated between the first metaverse environment and a second metaverse environment including second virtual stimuli occurring within the second metaverse environment. A virtual interaction is determined between the first metaverse environment and the second metaverse environment according to the virtual interconnection and an adjusted virtual stimulus occurring within the first metaverse environment is determined responsive to the virtual interaction between the first metaverse environment and the second metaverse environment. The presence is adjusted according to a correlation between the physical stimulation of the human interface and the adjusted virtual stimuli occurring within the first metaverse environment. Other embodiments are disclosed.

The present invention relates to the technical field of arteriovenous fistulas. Provided is an optimized scheme for postoperative vasodilation of an autologous arteriovenous fistula. The optimized scheme comprises microwave and electromagnetic field stimulation, ultrasonic monitoring and AI analysis, nano-drug sustained-release technology and intelligent pressure regulation. A microwave and electromagnetic field module stimulates vascular smooth muscle by means of precisely controlling a frequency and an intensity; an ultrasound monitoring module collects real-time data on a vascular inner diameter and a blood flow volume; an AI module dynamically adjusts a stimulation intensity on the basis of the data; a nanoparticle sustained-release system realizes long-acting drug release; and a pressure regulation module automatically regulates, by means of a closed-loop control algorithm, external pressure applied to blood vessels. The problems of imprecise physical stimulation, unsustained pharmaceutical support, fixed pressure regulation, etc., in traditional management of postoperative vasodilation are effectively solved.

The invention discloses a robot lacrimation control method and a microfluid lacrimation execution device for a robot, and relates to the technical field of bionic robot emotional interaction.The robot lacrimation control method comprises the steps that multi-modal sensing data of the robot is obtained, determining a first code used for judging an emotional state and a second code used for judging a physical stimulation response of the robot according to the multi-modal sensing data; and according to the first code and / or the second code, determining an emotion code of the robot, and according to the emotion code, determining a tear instruction for controlling the operation of a microfluid tear execution device of the robot, so that the robot tears. The emotional codes are generated through an emotional state and physical stimulation double-path mechanism, the simulated lacrimation effect matched with the human emotional state can be achieved, the purpose of rich physiological feedback is achieved, and the lacrimation performance is improved through a liquid storage device, a lacrimation channel, a lacrimation outlet and a miniature pressure pump of the lacrimation execution device. And the robot can realize accurate tear control on the basis of emotion perception of physiological feedback.

The invention discloses a portable acupuncture point area synchronous stimulator integrating a multi-mode physiotherapy function. The portable acupuncture point area synchronous stimulator comprises an instrument main body, an acupuncture fixing structure clamp and an integrated acupuncture point area physiotherapy disc, a control circuit and a power supply circuit are integrated in the instrument main body, a central touch screen and a lead bundle are arranged on the surface, and a lead connector plug is arranged at the tail end of the lead bundle; the acupuncture fixing structure clamp comprises a clamping mechanism main body, a power supply connecting line and a sensor interface; the integrated acupoint region physiotherapy disc is of a three-layer stacked structure of a top layer protective shell, a PCB and a contact bottom plate, a coaxial needle hole is formed in the center, and a standard acupuncture needle is allowed to vertically pierce into an acupoint to achieve coincidence of acupuncture and physiotherapy space; the PCB is integrated with four physical therapy modules including an LED phototherapy module, a magnetic therapy magnet, a heating coil and an electrical stimulation electrode, and can synchronously output four physical stimulations including light, magnetism, heat and electricity.

The present application relates to the field of mental fatigue model, and aims to solve the problems of long cycle and complex detection method in establishing mental fatigue model, and provides a method for constructing zebrafish mental fatigue model and application thereof.The method for constructing zebrafish mental fatigue model is as follows: 2-5 dpf zebrafish is given 100% white light and dark alternating stroboscopic cycle stimulation for 0-24 h; then cognitive response behavior analysis is carried out on the zebrafish.The present application constructs a zebrafish model of mental (brain) fatigue induced by white light stroboscopic stimulation, and explores a mental (brain) fatigue model induced by physical stimulation to simulate the environment and life and learning pressure in life.The present application also provides application of the zebrafish mental fatigue model constructed by the method, which is used for evaluating the anti-mental fatigue efficacy of drugs, health foods, foods or medical devices; and is used for mental (brain) fatigue cognitive test, memory test, learning test, reaction ability test and motor ability test of zebrafish.

The utility model discloses a soluble slow-release acupuncture needle, which relates to the field of medical instruments and comprises a needle handle and a needle body, a clamping mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the needle handle, and the root of the needle body is inserted into the bottom of the needle handle and is fixed by the clamping mechanism; the needle body comprises a fish glue layer, a net-shaped medicine storage layer and an agarose layer, the fish glue layer, the net-shaped medicine storage layer and the agarose layer are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, a cavity is formed in the agarose layer, and the cavity is of a centipede-shaped structure; step-by-step release of the medicine is achieved, and the medicine and physical stimulation of the needle body jointly play a role; the dual curative effects of needle and medicine combination are achieved in the treatment process, and the treatment effect and the patient experience are greatly improved; based on the reusable design of the needle handle, the economical efficiency and practicability of the acupuncture needle are further optimized; the problems that in the traditional acupuncture treatment process, medicine release is not uniform, and the medicine effect maintaining time is insufficient are effectively solved, and the more accurate and continuous treatment effect is provided for patients.

The objective is to provide a novel method for improving the efficiency of osteogenic differentiation induction based on immobilized BMP-2. [Solution] A method for stimulating cells with ligand molecules, comprising a stimulation step of applying physical stimulation to the cells and / or ligand molecules, wherein the ligand molecule is bound to or interacts with a receptor protein expressed on the cells and is immobilized on a culture substrate and / or matrix molecule used for culturing the cells, the receptor protein mediates the transmission of extracellular signals to the cells based on its binding to the ligand molecule, and the extracellular signals are enhanced by the physical stimulation.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical experiment auxiliary equipment, and provides a resuscitation device for small animals after anesthesia, which comprises a control base, a touch screen arranged on one side of the control base, a box body fixedly mounted at the top end of the control base, a support frame fixedly mounted in the box body, and a sponge cushion layer arranged at the top end of the support frame; the multiple sets of massage rollers are arranged in the supporting frame, blood circulation and drug metabolism of the small animals are promoted, hard contact with the bodies of the small animals is avoided through slow rotation of the massage rollers and the buffering effect of the damping springs, blood circulation and lymphatic reflux are accelerated through mild physical stimulation, and the small animals are prevented from being injured. By means of the design, the recovery speed is increased, and side effects caused by medicine residues are reduced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical atomizers, and provides atomization type hand and foot skin rehabilitation equipment. The rehabilitation glove comprises an atomization box and a rehabilitation glove body of at least two layers of composite structures, a net-shaped attaching layer is arranged on the inner layer of the glove body, a pressure sensor is arranged on the side, close to the glove body, of the net-shaped attaching layer, the glove body is provided with a pressure relief structure, and the pressure relief structure comprises pressure relief holes. The pressure relief holes are first through holes located in the outer side of the hand back of the glove body and second through holes located in the tail ends of the fingers of the glove body. The rehabilitation glove body is attached to the hand and generates micro-positive pressure, and absorption of atomized medicine is promoted. The disassembly and butt joint mechanism of the multi-layer composite glove body and the atomization box realizes portable and fixed services in the atomization treatment process; medicine absorption is accelerated through physical stimulation, fingers are allowed to move slightly through the massage balls and the first protruding parts and the second protruding parts of the elastic supports, and joint stiffness caused by long-time fixation is avoided.

The invention discloses a vascular access monitoring system and method based on electrical tomography, and belongs to the technical field of medical monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: generating an equipment native sensitivity matrix corresponding to a physical structure of a flexible sensing interface unit on line; in response to one-time standardized physical stimulation applied to the target monitoring area, collecting multi-frame boundary voltage to obtain dynamic response of the boundary voltage; based on the dynamic response of the device native sensitivity matrix and the boundary voltage, an inverse problem is solved to generate a binary blood vessel position mask representing the actual position of the blood vessel; collecting boundary voltage monitored in real time; and based on the blood vessel position mask, performing targeted analysis on a conductivity distribution image reconstructed according to the boundary voltage monitored in real time so as to monitor the blood vessel state. According to the method, the problem of model mismatching caused by individual anatomical differences is solved, and high-reliability individual monitoring is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomedical materials and bone tissue engineering, and discloses preparation and application of a self-piezoelectric aluminum nitride film / cavity assembly structure for promoting large-section critical bone defect repair. The thin film is based on the piezoelectric property of AlN, the self-power-generation capacity in the physiological vibration environment is achieved by optimizing the cavity structure, and the surface current density of AlN is remarkably improved. The film provided by the invention can continuously provide stable bio-electricity signals under the conditions of no polarization treatment and no external physical stimulation, so that the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts are promoted. In-vivo experiments show that the film / cavity assembly structure can effectively repair the critical bone defect of the rabbit femur without a stent, and is superior to an existing piezoelectric material. The limitation that a traditional piezoelectric bone repair material depends on external stimulation and a stent is broken through, and an innovative strategy with high clinical transformation potential is provided for bone tissue repair.

The utility model provides a cartoon gel acupoint patch suitable for allergic rhinitis, which comprises a cartoon non-sensitive substrate layer, a bonding layer, a limiting layer, a medicine gel layer and a waterproof layer which are sequentially bonded from bottom to top, and cowherb seeds are arranged in the middles of plane layers of the limiting layer and the medicine gel layer. One side of the cowherb seed is adhered to the adhesive layer through an adhesive sheet, the opposite side of the cowherb seed is covered by the limiting layer, and the limiting layer covering the cowherb seed protrudes out of the upper plane of the medicine gel layer; according to the utility model, the curative effect is improved by the combined action of the medicine stimulation of the acupoint patch and the physical stimulation of the pressed pills, and meanwhile, the child patient is more willing to insist in treatment by the arrangement of the acupoint fit cartoon shape.

The application discloses a somatosensory simulation platform rehabilitation effect driving control method based on a reverse generation model, belongs to the technical field of medical robots and rehabilitation training equipment, and constructs a single / multimodal somatosensory stimulation-response database; a golden sample set with a peak value of neural activation is screened; a neural-physical reverse mapping model based on a probability generation mechanism is established, a conditional probability distribution from a neural activation feature space to a physical stimulation parameter feature space is learned; a target neural activation is set, and an expected physical stimulation parameter is generated by using the trained model; a kinetic safety filter is constructed to generate a final safety control instruction; and the safety control instruction is used to drive the somatosensory simulation platform to move. The application further provides a somatosensory simulation platform rehabilitation effect driving control system based on a reverse generation model, which comprises a data acquisition and screening module, a reverse reasoning calculation module, a safety control module and a collaborative execution module. The application improves the effect, accuracy and safety of somatosensory simulation training.

The invention relates to an electromagnetic synchronous stimulation control device and method, equipment, a medium and a program product, and the device comprises a target spot information generation module which is used for generating target spot position information; the stimulation parameter configuration module is used for generating a combined stimulation scheme data packet based on the stimulation parameter template and the target position information; the synchronous control instruction generation module is used for analyzing the combined stimulation scheme data packet and generating a first time sequence control signal and a second time sequence control signal; and the stimulation execution and feedback module is used for driving the transcranial direct current stimulation unit and the repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation unit to synchronously apply physical stimulation to the target spot position through the first time sequence control signal and the second time sequence control signal, collecting an electroencephalogram signal of the target object in real time and generating a stimulation execution log. Electromagnetic synchronous stimulation is applied to the same target spot at the same time, and the physiological addition and synergistic effect of an electric field and a magnetic field are utilized, so that the effect on reducing the epileptic seizure frequency and electroencephalogram epilepsy-like discharge is remarkable.

The application discloses a portable acupoint pressing pen and relates to the field of massage devices, which comprises a pen-shaped shell, a power supply module is fixedly installed in the upper end of the inner cavity of the shell, a high-frequency telescopic mechanism is installed in the inner cavity of the shell, a massage rod is installed at the working end of the high-frequency telescopic mechanism, and at least one set of essential oil soothing components matched with the massage rod is installed in the inner cavity of the shell. The high-frequency telescopic mechanism and the essential oil soothing components are organically combined, the essential oil can be squeezed and applied automatically and synchronously while the massage head physically presses the acupoint at high frequency, the synergistic effect of physical stimulation and drug stimulation is realized, the penetration of the essential oil and the auxiliary physiotherapy effect are fully utilized, and the problem of poor pressing soothing effect in the prior art is solved.

This product is a candy that stimulates saliva secretion. The uneven surface on the front side of the product provides physical stimulation to the oral cavity, increasing saliva secretion and moistening the oral cavity.

The application discloses a computer vision-based facial image intelligent recognition analysis method and system, belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine facial recognition, and comprises the following steps: applying physical stimulation with predetermined parameters to the face of a subject, and acquiring a facial hyperspectral image sequence in a stimulation response period; based on the facial hyperspectral image sequence, constructing a time-series intensity curve of each pixel point at a preset wave band, and extracting a relaxation characteristic parameter from the time-series intensity curve; deducing the static spectral reflection characteristics of each pixel point according to the relaxation characteristic parameter and the end data of the time-series intensity curve, and forming a facial static optical base map; and respectively calculating the facial static optical base map and a baseline frame in the facial hyperspectral image sequence; the computer vision technology is combined with the hyperspectral image analysis, the objective extraction and quantification of facial features are realized, the technical pain points that the traditional Chinese medicine facial diagnosis relies on artificial experience and is highly subjective are solved, and the objectivity and reliability of the diagnosis are improved.

A body care device capable of massaging a user's body by physical stimulation is provided. A body care device according to one aspect of the present invention comprises: a base part; a main rod portion allowing rotation about a rod rotation axis along a lateral direction of the base portion; an eccentric cam portion, a cross section of which is not parallel to an imaginary line orthogonal to the lever rotation axis, and which is attached to the main lever portion to communicate with and rotate together with the main lever portion; a massage arm coupled to the eccentric cam portion so as to be constrained so as not to do other displacements except for rotation with the eccentric cam portion; a continuous ball guide groove provided in the base portion in a lateral direction; and a ball joint, one rod-shaped end portion of which is attached to the massage arm and the other spherical end portion of which is inserted into the ball guide groove.

The application belongs to the field of biomedical materials and bone tissue engineering technology, and discloses a preparation and application of a self-piezoelectric aluminum nitride film / cavity assembly structure for promoting repair of large segment critical bone defects. The film is based on the piezoelectric properties of AlN, and through optimization of the cavity structure, self-power generation capability under a physiological vibration environment is realized, and the surface current density of AlN is significantly improved. The film can continuously provide stable bioelectric signals without polarization treatment and external physical stimulation, thereby promoting adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. In vivo experiments show that the film / cavity assembly structure can effectively repair rabbit femoral critical bone defects without a scaffold, and is superior to existing piezoelectric materials. The application breaks through the limitations of traditional piezoelectric bone repair materials which depend on external stimulation and scaffolds, and provides an innovative strategy with high clinical conversion potential for bone tissue repair.

The utility model discloses a flexible dosing device with a physical defecation inducing function, which comprises a bottle body for storing liquid medicine and a bottle rod for conveying the liquid medicine, a step is arranged on the bottle rod, the bottle rod is divided into two sections by the step, and the two sections comprise a front rod section and a rear rod section; a rubber coating layer is coated on the front rod section; a through groove is formed in the rubber coating layer, and the through groove and the outer wall of the front rod section form a groove; the inner wall of the through groove is in an irregular shape. The rubber coating layer is made of a soft material; in the daily use process, due to the arrangement of the rubber coating layer and the through groove, when glycerine enema is inserted, the local part of the rectum wall can be squeezed into a groove formed by the through groove and the outer wall of the front rod section, when the front rod section moves, the rectum wall can be reversely squeezed by the inner wall of the through groove, the intestinal wall is physically stimulated, and therefore the rectum wall can be prevented from being damaged. The effect of inducing defecation reflex is achieved, so that defecation meaning is generated, and defecation is promoted.

The invention relates to a circuit system for medical treatment and a control method thereof. The circuit system comprises a control circuit and at least one flexible patch circuit, the flexible patch circuit comprises an image acquisition module and a physical stimulation module, and the image acquisition module is used for acquiring image information of a coverage area of the flexible patch circuit; the control circuit is used for judging whether the coverage area is a wound area according to the image information. According to the invention, image acquisition is carried out on the area covered by the flexible patch circuit through the image acquisition module, whether the wound exists in the covered area is determined through the control circuit, and physical stimulation capable of promoting wound healing is provided for the covered area through the physical stimulation module under the condition of determining that the wound exists, so that wound healing is promoted. And under the condition that the control circuit determines that the wound is healed according to the acquired image information, the physical stimulation module can be controlled to stop applying physical stimulation, so that an uninjured area is prevented from being injured due to continuous physical stimulation.

The invention discloses an intelligent nematode regulating and monitoring system, which mainly covers a physical induced movement system and a nematode movement detection system, and the physical induced movement system and the nematode movement detection system realize collaborative operation by means of the same set of matched software. The set of matched software has two core functions of regulation and monitoring, a physical induction movement system and a nematode movement monitoring system are enabled respectively, and efficient management and control and monitoring of the whole system are achieved. On one hand, analysis of an influence mechanism of physical stimulation on nematodes is facilitated; on the other hand, due to the important value of the nematodes in the fields of medicine research and development, neuroscience and the like, the application range of the device can be expanded. In the field of drug research and development, the nematode model can be used for simulating a human body environment, evaluating drug activity and screening life-prolonging drugs; in the neuroscience research, the research on the relationship between a nervous system and movement and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases can be assisted; in the aspect of senescence research, senescence indexes of the nematodes are regulated, stimulated and monitored, and a senescence delaying method is explored.

The invention discloses a single-crystal magnesium alloy wire for acupoint catgut embedding and weight losing and a preparation method of the single-crystal magnesium alloy wire, the chemical composition expression of the single-crystal magnesium alloy wire is Mg-yM-zR, in the formula, y and z represent the mass fraction of M and the mass fraction of R in magnesium alloy respectively, y is larger than or equal to 1.2 and smaller than or equal to 1.7, z is larger than or equal to 0.3 and smaller than or equal to 0.8, and the balance is Mg; m is one of Sr, Ce and Co, and R is one of Ge, Sm and Dy; the wire is prepared through the processes of smelting and casting, homogenizing treatment, hot extrusion, multi-pass cold drawing, intermediate annealing and zone smelting and directional solidification, and has uniform and controllable degradation rate, excellent mechanical property and biocompatibility; after the catgut embedding slimming agent is embedded into the acupuncture point of a human body, fat metabolism is promoted through mild and lasting physical stimulation and chemical ion regulation, intergranular corrosion and premature fracture caused by a polycrystalline structure are avoided, and the safety and durability of a catgut embedding slimming therapy are improved.

The invention discloses a drug delivery device based on a brain extracellular interstitial pathway, and relates to the technical field of medical instruments.According to the drug delivery device, the deformable characteristic of a flexible silica gel probe reduces puncture resistance, the flexible silica gel probe is matched with a surface hydrophilic coating, physical stimulation to the brain fragile interstitial structure of the elderly is remarkably reduced, and when the device encounters tissue pressure fluctuation, the device has a good application prospect. The drug delivery behavior is automatically adjusted through real-time sensing and closed-loop control, local edema or microscopic tearing caused by a traditional rigid probe is avoided, a pressure rate mapping model designed based on the brain biomechanical characteristics of the elderly enables the device to autonomously respond to gap environment changes, when the pressure exceeds a threshold value, speed is automatically reduced, manual intervention by experience of a doctor is not needed, and the operation is simple and convenient. The mechanism is particularly suitable for dynamic instability of ECS of the elderly brain, and it is ensured that parameters in the whole treatment process are matched with the physiological state.

The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a kind of external device for treating male erectile dysfunction, including outer tube, and the negative pressure pump and internal inner tube of the internal inside being arranged at the front end of outer tube,It also includes ball hinge seat, movably connected at the rear end of outer tube, and there is silica gel sealing ring at the opening of its rear end;Control center, installed at the front end inside outer tube, and installed at the output end of negative pressure pump, control center is connected with temperature control sensing device, temperature control sensing device is installed on the I-shaped connecting seat at the rear end of inner tube, solve the single negative pressure control mode of existing device, manually cannot be accurate control pressure and cause tissue damage or affect erection effect, the pressure program of automatic version is fixed, complex structure, poor portability, and cannot be adapted to the angle change after penis erection, easily cause compression pain, air leakage pressure loss;Lack of auxiliary physical stimulation, limited efficacy;In addition, local hypothermia under negative pressure causes body discomfort, also can contract blood vessels, hinder blood perfusion and erection maintenance problem.

A robotic system for physical therapy includes a stimulus device having a modular arrangement with multiple slots to detachably attach different stimulus sub-devices. The system includes control circuitry that determines a set of test stimuli for a user based on a trained artificial intelligence (AI)-based system and applies the stimuli for a first test duration. Based on the AI output, the system generates a physical stimulation instructions pack specific to the user. The instructions pack includes a time schedule for activating stimulus sub-devices during a second duration, which differs from the first duration, and a set of sense identifiers corresponding to specific sensory outputs. The control circuitry activates a subset of the stimulus sub-devices according to the time schedule and reconfigures the stimulus device to deliver a new stimulus. The applied stimulus shifts at least one condition of the user from a current health state toward a target health state.

The application provides a stoma irrigation device, belonging to the field of stoma irrigation, and used for solving the problem of limited physical stimulation to the intestinal tract during stoma irrigation operation; the device comprises an insertion unit, a first liquid injection unit and a second liquid injection unit; the insertion unit comprises a first expansion piece, a second expansion piece and a flow rate adjusting piece arranged in sequence along an insertion direction; the first expansion piece is arranged, and the first liquid injection unit is used to inject gas or liquid into the first expansion piece, so that the first expansion piece is expanded, thereby fixing the insertion unit in the intestinal tract and avoiding leakage of the irrigation liquid; the second liquid injection unit is used to inject the irrigation liquid into the second expansion piece, so that the second expansion piece is expanded to actively induce intestinal peristalsis, change the traditional passive flushing mode, make the intestinal contents more easily softened and removed by peristalsis, shorten the cleaning time and improve the cleanliness; and the irrigation liquid enters the intestinal tract at a slow speed after being adjusted by the flow rate adjusting piece, so that the intestinal mucosa is protected and the discomfort of the patient is reduced.

The invention discloses a physical stimulation load intensity detection and evaluation method and system based on dynamic modeling, and relates to the technical field of biomedicine. In order to solve the problems that data accuracy is difficult to guarantee and an effective data synchronization and error monitoring mechanism is lacked due to noise interference in a data acquisition process; the evaluation model is not accurate enough and cannot comprehensively and accurately reflect the relationship between the biological signal and the physical stimulation load intensity, so that the evaluation result has a large error; according to the method, the biological signals are processed and subjected to feature extraction, the linear regression equation is constructed by combining the time domain and frequency domain features of the biological signals, and the load intensity parameters are extracted for multi-index evaluation, so that the relationship between the biological signals and the physical stimulation load intensity can be accurately reflected, the actual physical stimulation load intensity value is corrected, and the evaluation accuracy is improved. It is ensured that the evaluation result can truly reflect the influence of physical stimulation on an experimenter, and reliable technical support is provided for related research and application.