Therapeutic formulations and protocols for enhancement of hepatic regeneration, reduction / reversion of
liver failure, and restoration of hepatic characteristics of young liver including augmented production of digestive enzymes, production of complement, and detoxificiation. In one embodiment endothelial
progenitor cells are cultured
in vitro under conditions capable of stimulating enhanced production of
microvesicles such as exosomes and / or regenerative factors. Endothelial cells can be activated to produce regenerative factors and / or exosomes by
exposure to
toll like
receptor agonists. Endothelial cells may be autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic to the recipient.