89results about "Error correction/detection using single space coding" patented technology

This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for encoding data for wireless communication to achieve an amplitude distribution. One implementation includes a method in which probabilistic amplitude shaping is constrained by an energy value and a sequence composition. The implementation may include three phases. In a first phase, the energy value is determined. In a second phase, the sequence composition is determined. In a third phase, the output sequence is determined as constrained by the sequence composition. The methods generate output sequences defining amplitude symbols that are used to encode data for transmission.

At least one example embodiment provides a radio access network element comprising at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the radio access network element to: extract sign information from a plurality of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) sample values included in LLR data in a resource block group (RBG); convert negative LLR sample values, from among the plurality of LLR sample values, into positive integer values to obtain converted LLR data; generate compressed LLR data based on the converted LLR data; and output the compressed LLR data.

The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. The present disclosure discloses a method and an apparatus for error correction coding in a communication system, more specifically, to error correction coding integrated with transmission diversity.

A system includes a memory controller, multiple memories coupled to the memory controller, and multiple controlling components coupled to the memory controller. The memory controller calculates an error correction code (ECC) syndrome of a first type for a segment of data; stores the segment of data and the ECC syndrome of the first type in a first memory of the multiple memories; receives a request from a controlling component of the multiple controlling components directed to the segment of data, the controlling component implementing an ECC syndrome of a second type; transforms the ECC syndrome of the first type for the segment of data to the ECC syndrome of the second type; detects a number of errors, if any, present in the segment of data; and takes further action depending on how many errors are detected.

Disclosed are an encoding method, a decoding method, and related devices designed to independently encode each of z second data streams without performing operations such as de-skewing and reordering, thereby reducing operational complexity and latency. The encoding method includes: obtaining m first data streams through m input channels, where m is a positive integer; processing the m first data streams to obtain z second data streams, where z is a positive integer; independently encoding each of the z second data streams to obtain z third data streams; and multiplexing the z third data streams to obtain n fourth data streams, where n is a positive integer.

Disclosed in the present application are a sphere decoding detection method and apparatus, and an electronic device and a readable storage medium. The method comprises: performing orthogonal triangular QR decomposition on a channel response matrix, so as to obtain a Q matrix and an R matrix, wherein columns in the Q matrix are arranged according to the magnitude of channel energy; according to the Q matrix and the R matrix, determining a target equalization signal; executing an ML path search process according to the target equalization signal, so as to select N branches with the minimum metric as survivor paths; performing an ML complement path search on the survivor paths, so as to obtain ML complement paths; and using the survivor path with the minimum metric as an ML path, and obtaining likelihood ratio information of each bit of each symbol of each layer according to the ML path and the ML complement paths.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may generate an encoding matrix including a set of information columns including systematic bits, a first set of core parity columns including a first set of parity bits, and one or more sets of extension parity columns including a second set of parity bits. The UE may puncture one or more of the systematic bits with the first set of parity bits, the second set of parity bits, or a combination thereof, based on an offset value indicating an initial column of the encoding matrix. The UE may encode an initial message in accordance with the encoding matrix based on the offset indicating the initial column of the encoding matrix.

This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: encoding a to-betransmitted first bit sequence to obtain a first matrix, where the first matrix includes a plurality of bit square matrices of a same size, and each bit square matrix includes a plurality of pieces of bit data; performing, based on a first mapping relationship, position transformation in a range of each bit square matrix on the bit data of each bit square matrix in the first matrix, to obtain a second matrix after the position transformation; and performing bit data position transformation among bit square matrices on the second matrix to obtain a third matrix, and modulating a to-be-sent first symbol sequence based on the third matrix. A row transformation mapping relationship in the first mapping relationship indicates a row identifier mapping relationship before and after position transformation of the bit data in the bit square matrix range. The row transformation mapping relationship may be constrained by using a global offset constraint factor and at least two local offset constraint factors. Aburst tolerance capability of information transmission can be improved.

An encoding method includes: obtaining m lanes of first data streams through m input lanes, where m is a positive integer; processing the m lanes of first data streams to obtain z lanes of second data streams, where z is a positive integer; separately performing encoding processing on each of the z lanes of second data streams to obtain z lanes of third data streams; and performing multiplex processing on the z lanes of third data streams to obtain n lanes of fourth data streams, where n is a positive integer.

A data transmission method, an apparatus, and a system are provided. An optical device of a transmitter may select one inner-code processing mode from a plurality of inner-code processing modes based on a requirement, and indicate the inner-code processing mode to an optical module of a receiver. The selected inner-code processing mode may be indicated to the receiver by using a PAD sequence, without requiring an additional resource and without changing a baud rate of a data stream. The optical device of the receiver may also detect quality of a current link, to select an inner-code processing mode that matches the quality, and feed back the inner-code processing mode to the transmitter, so that the transmitter can switch the inner-code processing mode based on an indication.

An encoding method, a decoding method and related apparatus are disclosed for separately performing an encoding process on each of the second data streams of z lanes without performing operations such as deskewing and reordering, which reduces operational complexity and delay. The encoding method includes the steps of obtaining a first data stream of m lanes through m input lanes, where m is a positive integer, processing the first data stream of m lanes to obtain a second data stream of z lanes, where z is a positive integer, separately performing an encoding process on each of the second data streams of z lanes to obtain a third data stream of z lanes, and performing a multiplexing process on the third data stream of z lanes to obtain a fourth data stream of n lanes, where n is a positive integer.

An error correction decoding device that decodes a multi-level modulation symbol in which the number of dimensions is D (D is an integer equal to or more than 1) and the number of bits per dimension is M (M is an integer equal to or more than 2) from each of D pulse amplitude modulation symbols is configured. The error correction decoding device includes a soft decision unit (1) to acquire each of the pulse amplitude modulation symbols from a communication symbol sequence in which the D pulse amplitude modulation symbols are arranged, calculate a first hard decision bit indicating positive and negative of a log posterior probability ratio of each of M bits included in the multi-level modulation symbol from each of the pulse amplitude modulation symbols, and calculate an absolute value of each of log posterior probability ratios as a first reliability, and an exclusive OR operating unit (2) to operate an exclusive OR of D × M first hard decision bits calculated by the soft decision unit (1). In addition, the error correction decoding device includes a reliability selecting unit (3) to perform comparison of D × M first reliabilities calculated by the soft decision unit (1) with each other, select one first reliability from the D × M first reliabilities on the basis of a result of the comparison, and output the one first reliability as a second reliability, and a soft decision error correction decoding unit (4) to perform soft decision error correction decoding on an operation result of the exclusive OR by the exclusive OR operating unit (2) and the second reliability.

At least one example embodiment provides a radio access network element comprising at least one processor and at least one memory. The at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the radio access network element to: extract sign information from a plurality of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) sample values included in LLR data in a resource block group (RBG); convert negative LLR sample values, from among the plurality of LLR sample values, into positive integer values to obtain converted LLR data; generate compressed LLR data based on the converted LLR data; and output the compressed LLR data.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for wireless communications by a transmitter. The method generally includes obtaining a first block of information bits from a buffer, generating a first sequence of probabilistic amplitude shaped (PAS) symbols, from the first block of information bits, using a demapper function and an arithmetic decoder function, transmitting the first sequence of PAS symbols to a receiver, combining a first subset of the first block of information bits, identified by an arithmetic encoder function and a mapper function, with a second block of information bits from the buffer, generating a second sequence of PAS symbols, from the combined first subset of the first block of information bits and second block of information bits, using the demapper function and the arithmetic decoder function, and transmitting the second sequence of PAS symbols to the receiver.

If x, m, and n [x] are natural numbers (m = 1, 2,..., n [x]), a probabilistic shaping encoding circuit (1) is provided with: an m-th look-up table (11) of layer x + 1 for converting an m-th transmission bit string of layer x + 1, which is composed of an m-th transmission information bit string of layer x + 1 and an m-th transmission address bit string of layer x + 1, which are part of an information bit sequence to be communicated, into an m-th transmission shaping bit string of layer x + 1; an m-th allocation circuit (12) of layer x that converts the m-th transmission shaping bit string of layer x + 1 into a (2m-1) th transmission source address bit string of layer x and a 2m th transmission source address bit string of layer x; a (2m-1) th lookup table (14) for layer x that generates a (2m-1) th transmission shaping bit string for layer x on the basis of a (2m-1) th transmission source address bit string for layer x and a (2m-1) th transmission information bit string for layer x that is part of the information bit sequence to be communicated; and a 2m-th lookup table (15) for layer x that generates a 2m-th transmission shaping bit string for layer x on the basis of a 2m-th transmission source address bit string for layer x and a 2m-th transmission information bit string for layer x that is part of the information bit sequence to be communicated. Each of the lookup tables is layered into a tree, and each of the transmission source address bit strings obtained by the m-th distribution circuit (12) of the layer x corresponds to designation information that designates a combination of signal point groups in a signal space managed by each of the plurality of lookup tables of the layer x. Each transmission shaping bit string generated by the (2m-1) th lookup table (14) of the layer x and the 2m th lookup table (15) of the layer x corresponds to designation information that designates a combination of signal point groups in a signal space managed by each of the plurality of lookup tables of the hierarchy directly below or signal point information that indicates a signal point arrangement in the signal space, or to each transmission shaping bit string generated by the (2m-1) th lookup table (14) of the layer x and the 2m th lookup table (15) of the layer x.

A method performed by an electronic device is provided. The method includes receiving a first signal related to an initial transmission of a transport block, based on a failure to decode the first signal, storing first data related to the first signal in a soft buffer of the electronic device, receiving a second signal related to a retransmission of the transport block, storing second data related to the second signal in the soft buffer, identifying, among the soft buffer, a first area for the first data and a second area for the second data, distinguished from an area in which data is not stored, as a decoding area, and based on the decoding area, performing decoding of first combined data obtained based on combining the first data and the second data.

Techniques for an optical receiver are disclosed. The optical receiver may include an optical digital signal processing (ODSP) device. The ODSP device may include: a photodiode operable to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal; a digital signal processor operable to generate a digital signal based on the electrical signal; a quantization component operable to generate a quantized output signal based on the digital signal; and a processing device. The processing device is operable to: measure one or more signal statistics of the digital signal; and identifying one or more quantization thresholds, wherein the one or more quantization thresholds are calculated based on the one or more signal statistics.

A duty margin monitoring circuit (220), coupled to a functional circuit (210) which generates a first output signal in response to a target signal, includes a modulation circuit (260), a replica circuit (270) and an error detection circuit (280). The modulation circuit (260) is arranged to receive the target signal and modulate the target signal to generate a modulated target signal. The replica circuit (270) is arranged to receive the modulated target signal and generate a second output signal in response to the modulated target signal. The error detection circuit (280) is coupled to the functional circuit (210) and the replica circuit (270) to receive the first output signal and the second output signal and arranged to generate an error detection result according to the first output signal and the second output signal.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage media for data encryption and decryption. In an example embodiment, a first cryptographic key and a second cryptographic key are obtained. The first cryptographic key includes a vector of cryptographic elements, and the second cryptographic key includes a set of indices corresponding to a subset matrix of a polar matrix. A cryptographic vector is generated by polar encoding a data vector based on the first cryptographic key and the second cryptographic key and the polar matrix. The data vector and the cryptographic vector are combined for encryption of the data vector.

A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device and related apparatus are provided. In the method, the first wireless device arranges a sequence of data bits into multiple groups of interleaved bits using one or more interleavers. Each interleaver of the one or more interleavers has positions arranged in a first direction and a second direction, with a fixed size in at least one of the first direction or the second direction, and each group of interleaved bits has a group size based on the fixed size. The first wireless device further transmits an interleaved signal including the multiple groups of interleaved bits to a second wireless device.

Embodiments of this application provide a modulation method and apparatus. The method includes: receiving a code word sequence, where each code word includes N bits, and the code word sequence includes at least a first code word; mapping the code word sequence into M sequences, where each sequence includes N / M bits from the first code word; mapping the M sequences into a symbol sequence, where each symbol is corresponding to M bits, the M bits are respectively from the M sequences, first bits corresponding to N / M first-type symbols are from the first code word, and second bits corresponding to N / M second-type symbols are from the first code word. As a result, a first bit corresponding to the second-type symbol is definitely from another code word different from the first code word. A bit in the second-type symbol and from the another code word may be demodulated by using information about the first code word, so that the bit in the second-type symbol and from the another code word can be demodulated more accurately, thereby lowering a signal-to-noise ratio requirement during higher order modulation.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may generate an encoding matrix including a set of information columns including systematic bits, a first set of core parity columns including a first set of parity bits, and one or more sets of extension parity columns including a second set of parity bits. The UE may puncture one or more of the systematic bits with the first set of parity bits, the second set of parity bits, or a combination thereof, based on an offset value indicating an initial column of the encoding matrix. The UE may encode an initial message in accordance with the encoding matrix based on the offset indicating the initial column of the encoding matrix.

A probabilistic shaping encoding circuit (1) includes: with x, m, and n[x] being natural numbers (m = 1, 2,..., n[x]), an m-th lookup table (11) of a layer x + 1 to convert an m-th transmission bit string of the layer x + 1 including an m-th transmission information bit string of the layer x + 1 which is a part of an information bit sequence of a communication target and an m-th transmission address bit string of the layer x + 1 into an m-th transmission shaping bit string of the layer x + 1; an m-th distribution circuit (12) of the layer x to convert the m-th transmission shaping bit string of the layer x + 1 into a (2m-1)-th transmission source address bit string of the layer x and a 2m-th transmission source address bit string of the layer x; a (2m-1)-th lookup table (14) of the layer x to generate a (2m-1)-th transmission shaping bit string of the layer x from the (2m-1)-th transmission source address bit string of the layer x and a (2m-1)-th transmission information bit string of the layer x which is a part of the information bit sequence of the communication target; and a 2m-th lookup table (15) of the layer x to generate a 2m-th transmission shaping bit string of the layer x from the 2m-th transmission source address bit string of the layer x and a 2m-th transmission information bit string of the layer x which is a part of the information bit sequence of the communication target. Each of the lookup tables is hierarchized in a tree shape, each of the transmission source address bit strings obtained by the m-th distribution circuit (12) of the layer x corresponds to designation information designating a combination of signal point groups in a signal space managed by each of a plurality of lookup tables of the layer x, each of the transmission shaping bit strings generated by the (2m-1)-th lookup table (14) of the layer x and the 2m-th lookup table (15) of the layer x corresponds to designation information designating a combination of signal point groups in a signal space managed by each of a plurality of lookup tables of a layer immediately below or signal point information indicating a signal point arrangement of the signal space.

Each of the lookup tables is hierarchized in a tree shape, each of the transmission source address bit strings obtained by the m-th distribution circuit of the layer x corresponds to designation information designating a combination of signal point groups in a signal space managed by each of a plurality of lookup tables of the layer x, each of the transmission shaping bit strings generated by the (2m−1)-th lookup table of the layer x and the 2m-th lookup table of the layer x corresponds to designation information designating a combination of signal point groups in a signal space managed by each of a plurality of lookup tables of a layer immediately below or signal point information indicating a signal point arrangement of the signal space.

Communication systems that utilize receivers for decoding short block length messages are disclosed. In many embodiments, the receiver includes an antenna for receiving encoded data, via RF signals, a demodulator for obtaining symbols from the RF signal, a demapper for generating symbol metrics, and a parallel list decoder. In several embodiments, the parallel list decoder processes multiple trellis stages simultaneously, enabling efficient decoding of the symbol metrics to obtain received, bits. In certain embodiments, the parallel list decoder divides the decoding trellis into segments, processes these segments independently, and combines them pairwise to form new segments. This parallel processing approach can allow for reduced decoding latency and improved efficiency in handling short block length messages. making it particularly suitable for applications requiring rapid data exchange and low-latency communication.

The present application provides a method for obtaining a check matrix, and a communication apparatus. In the method, a communication apparatus can obtain a check matrix on the basis of a first base matrix. Compared with a base graph, patch elements are added to the first base matrix, and the patch elements may correspond to cyclically shifted submatrices in a check matrix. Therefore, the number of non-zero elements in the check matrix can be increased, thereby reducing the presence of low column weights in the check matrix, improving the decoding performance of a floor region, and improving reliability. In addition, according to the present solution, the positions of the patch elements are further determined on the basis of a target bit rate, so that the addition of the patch elements can obtain a greater benefit.