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A method of determining relative neuro-muscular response onset value thresholds for a plurality of spinal nerves, comprising: depolarizing a portion of the patient's cauda equina; and measuring the current intensity level at which a neuro-muscular response to the depolarization of the cauda equina is detected in each of the plurality of spinal nerves. A method for detecting the presence of a nerve adjacent the distal end of at least one probe, comprising: determining relative neuro-muscular response onset values for a plurality of spinal nerves; emitting a stimulus pulse from a probe or surgical tool; detecting neuro-muscular responses to the stimulus pulse in each of the plurality of spinal nerves; and concluding that the electrode disposed on the distal end of the at least one probe is positioned adjacent to a first spinal nerve when the neuro-muscular response detected in the first spinal nerve is detected as a current intensity level less than or equal to a corresponding neuro-muscular response onset value of the first spinal nerve.

Methods for determining structural integrity of a bone within the spine of a patient, the bone having a first aspect and a second aspect, wherein the second aspect separated from the first aspect by a width and located adjacent to a spinal nerve. The methods involve (a) applying an electrical stimulus to the first aspect of the bone; (b) electrically monitoring a muscle myotome associated with the spinal nerve to detect if an onset neuro-muscular response occurs in response to the application of the electrical stimulus to the first aspect of the bone; (c) automatically increasing the magnitude of the electrical stimulus to until the onset neuro-muscular response is detected; and (d) communicating to a user via at least one of visual and audible means information representing the magnitude of the electrical stimulus which caused the onset neuro-muscular response.

The present invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for detecting and diagnosing disease states in a living organism by using a plurality of electrical impedance measurements. In particular, the invention provides for an improved electrode array for diagnosing the presence of a disease state in the human breast, and discloses a method of application of the array to the breast that ensures that the multiplicity of impedance measurements obtained from a first body part correspond as precisely and reproducibly as possible to the multiplicity of impedance measurements that are obtained from another, homologous, second body part. A number of diagnostic methods based on homologous electrical difference analysis are disclosed, including the calculation of a number of metrics used to indicate disease states by comparison with pre-established threshold values, and the construction of a number of graphical displays for indicating the location of disease to a body part sector.

Provided is an electronic apparatus including: a storage to store first and second contents, each of which includes scenes, and meta-information items each indicating a feature of each scene of the first and second contents; a reproducer to reproduce the first and second contents; an operation receiver to receive an input of an operation by a user; and a controller to control the storage to store an operation-history information item indicating an operation history of the user for each scene during reproduction of the first content while it is associated with the meta-information item of each scene, to calculate a similarity between scenes of the first and second contents based on the meta-information items, and to control the reproducer to change a reproduction mode for each scene based on the operation-history information item and the similarity during reproduction of the second content.

Block modulus coding (BMC) systems implement block coding on non-binary modulus m symbols, where m is greater than 2. BMC systems can be used for, among other things, forward error correction (FEC) of source data in communication systems or parity backup for error correction of source data in storage systems where the source data is represented by non-binary symbols that may be corrupted by burst errors. The block coding is preferably performed using a distributed arrangement of block encoders or decoders. A distributed block modulus encoder (DBME) encodes sequential source data symbols of modulus m with a plurality of sequential block encoders to produce interleaved parity codewords. The codewords utilize modulus m symbols where the medium can reliably resolve m symbol states. The interleaved parity codewords enable decoding of error-corrected source data symbols of modulus m with a distributed block modulus decoder (DBMD) that utilizes a plurality of sequential block decoders to produce the error-corrected source data symbols.

A metal complex solution comprising an organic solvent, and a complex composed of an organic acid salt of at least one metal and an organic amine or organic ketone compound, dissolved in the organic solvent; a photosensitive metal complex solution comprising the metal complex solution, and a photosensitive resin added to the solution; and a method for forming metallic oxide films, using these solutions.

An automatic focusing device in accordance with the present invention comprises an image sensor being subjected to exposure performed in a rolling shutter system, a focusing system including a focus lens for focusing on the image sensor, an AF evaluation value calculating unit calculating an AF evaluation value based on an imaging signal obtained from the image sensor, and an AF control unit controlling an operation of the focusing system based on an AF evaluation value of a focusing area set in a part of the imaging picture by the image sensor, and the AF control unit makes the AF evaluation value of a focusing area of each imaging picture and a focus lens position at the time of exposure for the focusing area correspond to each other, and drives the focusing system during the period which overlaps with an exposure period while searching the focus lens position where the AF evaluation value becomes maximum.

Various embodiments implement distributed block coding (DBC). DBC can be used for, among other things, distributed forward error correction (DFEC) of source data in communication systems or parity backup for error correction of source data in storage systems where the source data may be corrupted by burst errors. A distributed block encoder (DBE) encodes sequential source data symbols with a plurality of sequential block encoders to produce interleaved parity codewords. The interleaved parity codewords enable decoding of error-corrected source data symbols with a distributed block decoder (DBD) that utilizes a plurality of sequential block decoders to produce the error-corrected source data symbols. A distributed register block encoder (DRBE) and a distributed register block decoder (DRBD) can each be implemented in a single block encoder and a single block decoder, respectively, by using a distributed register arrangement.

A linear actuator includes a spindle nut, where the spindle nut and the spindle between a first and a second point, indicating the length of stroke, can move axially in proportion to each other, depending on whether the spindle or the spindle nut is being driven around via the transmission, and where the position is determined with incremental position sensors, such as at least two Hall sensors or Reed-switches. For determining the position an initiating procedure, where the nut / spindle is moved from a first point on the spindle / nut to a second point on the spindle nut is carried out, and that the number of pulses from the incremental position sensors appearing by it are registered as a measurement for the length of stroke, and the position is subsequently determined in relation to that. It is noted that the control is active before, during and after the operation of the motor. Hereby, absolute position detection is achieved with incremental sensors, where one formerly was obliged to use rotary potentiometers. Simultaneously an optional determination of the length of stroke and its position and immediate possibility to change the same at any time is achieved.

A sample, which has a mesa portion having a pattern thereon, is placed on a Z table. Light is irradiated to the mesa portion through an optical system and light reflected by the mesa portion is received to measure a height of the mesa portion. A height map of the mesa portion is created based on a height of a corner position. A height using the height map is corrected based on a deviation of a measured value from a target value, and a temporal variation of a focal position of light irradiated to the mesa portion. An optical image of the pattern is obtained while controlling the Z table based on the corrected height of the mesa portion. The optical image is compared with a reference image and a defect is determined when a difference value between the optical image and reference image is more than a predetermined threshold value.

Various embodiments implement distributed block coding (DBC). DBC can be used for, among other things, distributed forward error correction (DFEC) of source data in communication systems or parity backup for error correction of source data in storage systems where the source data may be corrupted by burst errors. A distributed block encoder (DBE) encodes sequential source data symbols with a plurality of sequential block encoders to produce interleaved parity codewords. The interleaved parity codewords enable decoding of error-corrected source data symbols with a distributed block decoder (DBD) that utilizes a plurality of sequential block decoders to produce the error-corrected source data symbols. A distributed register block encoder (DRBE) and a distributed register block decoder (DRBD) can each be implemented in a single block encoder and a single block decoder, respectively, by using a distributed register arrangement.

A battery, a regenerative generator, a capacitor capable of storing power generated by the regenerative generator, and a DC / DC convertor capable of allowing an output current to flow up to a specified permissible limit value are provided. The capacitor is connected to a first circuit portion connecting the regenerative generator and the DC / DC convertor. The battery is connected to a second circuit portion connecting the DC / DC convertor and electric loads. Thereby, power from the capacitor is supplied to electric loads by way of the DC / DC convertor until the output current of the DC / DC convertor reaches the specified permissible limit value, whereas power from the battery is supplied to the electric loads after the output current of the DC / DC convertor has reached the specified permissible limit value. A specified electric load is turned OFF when the power from the battery is supplied.

A method for controlling a boom construction and a tool articulated thereto, said boom construction comprising a first boom and a first actuator controlling the same, a second boom articulated to the first boom, and a second actuator controlling the same, as well as a third actuator controlling the position of the tool, wherein in the method: the first actuator is controlled manually; and / or the second actuator is controlled manually and the third actuator is also controlled at the same time automatically to control the position of the tool. For example, the first actuator is controlled by means of a first set point; and / or the second actuator is controlled by means of a second set point; and in addition, the third actuator is controlled simultaneously by using for the control a variable dependent on at least one of said set points. For example, the control system of the boom construction and the tool articulated thereto comprises a control algorithm, which has been configured to determine said variable which is dependent on at least one of said set points.

Provided is an electronic apparatus including: a storage to store first and second contents, each of which includes scenes, and meta-information items each indicating a feature of each scene of the first and second contents; a reproducer to reproduce the first and second contents; an operation receiver to receive an input of an operation by a user; and a controller to control the storage to store an operation-history information item indicating an operation history of the user for each scene during reproduction of the first content while it is associated with the meta-information item of each scene, to calculate a similarity between scenes of the first and second contents based on the meta-information items, and to control the reproducer to change a reproduction mode for each scene based on the operation-history information item and the similarity during reproduction of the second content.

A magnetic resonance system has components that include a magnetic field generation unit for generation of a basic magnetic field, gradient coils for generation of a field gradient as well as a radio-frequency coil arrangement with a number of radio-frequency coils for transmission and reception of radio-frequency signals. These components can respectively be activated according to a sequence via at least one digital module and at least one analog module. The analog modules are arranged externally to a control computer controlling the digital modules. The digital modules also are arranged externally to the control computer and are associated with the analog module or modules controlled by said digital modules. A data network is provided for communication between the digital modules and the control computer and a synchronous network is provided for synchronization of the digital modules and the control computer.

The present invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for detecting and diagnosing disease states in a living organism by using a plurality of electrical impedance measurements. In particular, the invention provides for an improved electrode array for diagnosing the presence of a disease state in the human breast, and discloses a method of application of the array to the breast that ensures that the multiplicity of impedance measurements obtained from a first body part correspond as precisely and reproducibly as possible to the multiplicity of impedance measurements that are obtained from another, homologous, second body part. A number of diagnostic methods based on homologous electrical difference analysis are disclosed, including the calculation of a number of metrics used to indicate disease states by comparison with pre-established threshold values, and the construction of a number of graphical displays for indicating the location of disease to a body part sector.

A magnetic resonance system has components that include a magnetic field generation unit for generation of a basic magnetic field, gradient coils for generation of a field gradient as well as a radio-frequency coil arrangement with a number of radio-frequency coils for transmission and reception of radio-frequency signals. These components can respectively be activated according to a sequence via at least one digital module and at least one analog module. The analog modules are arranged externally to a control computer controlling the digital modules. The digital modules also are arranged externally to the control computer and are associated with the analog module or modules controlled by said digital modules. A data network is provided for communication between the digital modules and the control computer and a synchronous network is provided for synchronization of the digital modules and the control computer.

A method for controlling a boom construction and a tool articulated thereto, the boom construction comprising a first boom and a first actuator controlling the same, a second boom articulated to the first boom, and a second actuator controlling the same, as well as a third actuator controlling the position of the tool, wherein in the method: the first actuator is controlled manually; and / or the second actuator is controlled manually and the third actuator is also controlled at the same time automatically to control the position of the tool. For example, the first actuator is controlled by use of a first set point; and / or the second actuator is controlled by use of a second set point; and in addition, the third actuator is controlled simultaneously by using for the control a variable dependent on at least one of said set points. For example, the control system of the boom construction and the tool articulated thereto comprises a control algorithm, which has been configured to determine the variable which is dependent on at least one of the set points.

Block modulus coding (BMC) systems implement block coding on non-binary modulus m symbols, where m is greater than 2. BMC systems can be used for, among other things, forward error correction (FEC) of source data in communication systems or parity backup for error correction of source data in storage systems where the source data is represented by non-binary symbols that may be corrupted by burst errors. The block coding is preferably performed using a distributed arrangement of block encoders or decoders. A distributed block modulus encoder (DBME) encodes sequential source data symbols of modulus m with a plurality of sequential block encoders to produce interleaved parity codewords. The codewords utilize modulus m symbols where the medium can reliably resolve m symbol states. The interleaved parity codewords enable decoding of error-corrected source data symbols of modulus m with a distributed block modulus decoder (DBMD).

The invention provides a device for dispensing accurately-controlled small quantities of at least one liquid, comprising a liquid supply (L); a gas supply (G), arranged to selectively supply a gas pressure; and a capillary duct (20) adapted to be filled with liquid to be dispensed, and to eject the liquid. The device has a filling configuration wherein liquid from the supply is in contact with an end (20a) of the capillary duct to fill the capillary duct with liquid; and a liquid separation and ejection configuration, in which liquid remaining in the liquid supply is separated from liquid that fills the capillary duct to form a discrete quantity (V) of liquid filling the capillary duct (20) out of contact with the remaining liquid of the liquid supply. The capillary duct, filled with this discrete quantity (V) of liquid then has one end in contact with the gas supply and another end in contact with the atmosphere. The discrete quantity of liquid (V), forming an exact dose of liquid to be dispensed, is ejectable from the second end (20b) of the capillary duct by the application of gas pressure.

An LED assembly includes a plurality of LED modules, a plurality of individual lenses and a pressing plate. Each LED module has a printed circuit board and a plurality of LEDs attached to the printed circuit board. Each lens covers a corresponding LED. Each lens includes a supporting base and a light adjusting portion disposed on the supporting portion. The pressing plate defines a plurality of through holes corresponding to the light adjusting portions of the lenses. The lenses cooperates with the LEDs. The light adjusting portions of the lenses extend through the through holes of the pressing plate. The pressing plate presses peripheral portions of the supporting bases towards the printed circuit boards of the LED modules.

The present disclosure illustrates an automated orthodontic bracket positioning system. This system includes a computer system for constructing the digital 3D dental model, a bite record device for acquiring the patient's intra-oral coordinate record, and an automatic bracket positioning device for bonding orthodontic brackets on the patient's tooth surfaces or surfaces of dental cast. The computer system estimates a predicted position of each orthodontic bracket on patient's tooth surface or a surface of the gypsum dental cast by using the digital 3D dental model. The computer system receives and utilizes the intra-oral coordinate record to calibrate the digital 3D dental model and ensure that the digital 3D dental model match with the patient's practical condition, so that the predicted position can accurately match to the patient's tooth surface. The computer system controls the automatic bracket positioning device to position the brackets on the patient's tooth surface or surfaces of the dental cast according to the predicted position.

An LED assembly includes a plurality of LED modules, a plurality of individual lenses and a pressing plate. Each LED module has a printed circuit board and a plurality of LEDs attached to the printed circuit board. Each lens covers a corresponding LED. Each lens includes a supporting base and a light adjusting portion disposed on the supporting portion. The pressing plate defines a plurality of through holes corresponding to the light adjusting portions of the lenses. The lenses cooperates with the LEDs. The light adjusting portions of the lenses extend through the through holes of the pressing plate. The pressing plate presses peripheral portions of the supporting bases towards the printed circuit boards of the LED modules.

A plasma processing chamber includes a vessel for accommodating therein a substrate; a gas supply unit for supplying a processing gas into the vessel; an electrode for applying a high frequency power into the vessel; a gas exhaust unit, connected to the vessel, for discharging gas from the vessel; and a particle detector for detecting particles floating in the vessel. The particle detector is positioned on a passage functioning as a free-fall path of the particles and also as a moving path of particles carried by the gas discharged from the vessel through the gas exhaust unit. Further, the gas exhaust unit of the plasma processing chamber has a gas exhaust port opened in the vessel toward the free-fall path of the particles.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for classifying unstructured datasets according to a classification system and generating an enhanced, classified and structured data-set enabling efficient supplemental computer-based processing. The exemplary computer-implemented classification algorithms involve, for each entry in the input dataset, semantically interpreting a text-based occupation description, analyzing the description according to an ontology of interrelated “concepts” and identifying semantically relevant concept(s) and any associated descriptors specific to the classification system. The system is also configured to expand the list of relevant concepts to include concepts that bear a relationship thereto, scoring the various concepts and associated descriptors and identifying the concept(s) and descriptors that most accurately correspond to the input data. Further, the system is configured to generate the new structured and classified occupation dataset by selectively combining certain input data and augmenting each entry with supplemental information inferred through the classification process.

A battery, a regenerative generator, a capacitor capable of storing power generated by the regenerative generator, and a DC / DC convertor capable of allowing an output current to flow up to a specified permissible limit value are provided. The capacitor is connected to a first circuit portion connecting the regenerative generator and the DC / DC convertor. The battery is connected to a second circuit portion connecting the DC / DC convertor and electric loads. Thereby, power from the capacitor is supplied to electric loads by way of the DC / DC convertor until the output current of the DC / DC convertor reaches the specified permissible limit value, whereas power from the battery is supplied to the electric loads after the output current of the DC / DC convertor has reached the specified permissible limit value. A specified electric load is turned OFF when the power from the battery is supplied.

Disclosed herein is an electrode assembly including two or more unit cells, each of which includes a cathode, an anode, and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, electrode tabs protruding from the respective electrodes, wherein the unit cells are stacked in a height direction on the basis of a plane, at least two of the unit cells having different planer sizes, and one or more corners of each of the unit cells, which do not tangent to one side of each of the unit cells at which the electrode tabs are formed, are round.

An electromagnetic boat speedometer includes a boundary layer velocity compensating arrangement comprising a primary coil for producing a primary electromagnetic field within a relatively large first volume of water, a secondary coil for producing a secondary electromagnetic field within a relatively small portion of the first volume of water immediately adjacent the hull of the boat, and a set of first electrodes removably mounted in one or more openings in the hull of the boat, such that the tips of the first electrodes extending into the relatively small water portion. In one embodiment, the coils are simultaneously energized in opposition, so that the primary and secondary electromagnetic fields are in opposition. In a second embodiment, the coils are energized alternately, and the signals produced by the electrodes are modified to achieve the desired boundary layer compensation. A second set of second electrodes may be included in the second embodiment.