A fault diagnosis and rehabilitation center for train wheel sets comprises a train wheel set state detection device, a laser tread outline measuring device and a fault diagnosis and rehabilitation center, wherein the train wheel set state detection device mainly comprises a vibration sensor, a conditioner, a data collector, data processing and analyzing software and the like, completes characteristic extraction of the state of train wheel set bearings, and the stability, the unbalance and the resonance state of a steering frame through train wheel set state detection and sends the state characteristic parameters to the fault diagnosis and rehabilitation center of a base through a wireless network; the laser tread outline measuring device utilizes a mature and advanced laser wheel set tread outline instrument to measure the outline state of the wheel sets, promptly forecasts the characteristic parameters, such as abrasion, flat damage, stripping, outline shapes and the like of the wheel sets, and sends converted data signals to the fault diagnosis and rehabilitation center of the base through the wireless network; and the failure diagnosis and rehabilitation center can real-timely analyze the running state of the wheel sets, promptly warn possible faults, intelligently compile a repair and numerically-controlled processing scheme for the wheel sets, transmit the scheme to a non-pulling wheel numerical control machine tool and intelligently process the outlines of the warehoused wheel sets.