The invention relates to a self-adaptive counterweight structure of a beam-pumping unit. The self-adaptive counterweight structure is arranged at the end, far away from a horsehead, of a walking beamof the beam-pumping unit, and comprises a box body, a counterweight, a left spring, a right spring and a track. The counterweight, the left spring, the right spring and the track are arranged in the box body. The counterweight is movably arranged on the track, and the track is laid at the bottom of the interior of the box body. One end of the left spring and one end of the right spring are oppositely and fixedly arranged on the two sides of the counterweight correspondingly, the other end of the left spring is fixed to the end face of one side of the interior of the box body, and the other endof the right spring is fixed to the end face of the opposite side of the interior of the box body. When the walking beam swings up and down, the counterweight which is arranged on the track moves leftwards and rightwards under the action of the gravity so as to increase or reduce the value of the arm of force, and the left spring and the right spring are stretched or compressed to achieve buffering. By the adoption of the self-adaptive counterweight structure of the beam-pumping unit, the purpose of reducing the energy consumption is achieved, the reverse power generation phenomenon can alsobe eliminated, and the equipment damage rate is reduced.