The invention relates to a two-stage microwave tandem catalytic pyrolysis device for waste oil. The device comprises a feeder, a microwave absorbent bed layer, a double-port quartz reaction bottle, afirst-stage microwave pyrolysis device, a quartz catalytic tube, a catalyst bed layer, a second-stage microwave catalytic device, a bio-oil collection device, a condensation system, a suck-back prevention device, a gas washing device, a gas flow monitoring device, a sucking pump and a gas collection device. After the microwave absorbent bed layer reaches the target pyrolysis temperature, materialsare added into a double-port quartz reaction bottle through a feeder for rapid pyrolysis, generated pyrolysis steam is subjected to catalytic reforming through a catalyst bed layer, and then enters acondensation system to be condensed into bio-oil, the non-condensable gas enters the suck-back preventing device, and the gas washing device, the gas flow monitoring device and the sucking pump in sequence and is finally collected by the gas collecting device. According to the method, rapid pyrolysis of the waste oil is realized, the bio-oil yield is increased, the catalytic effect can be improved, coking deactivation of the catalyst is slowed down, and the service life of the catalyst is prolonged.