463results about How to "Reduce modification" patented technology

In an internal combustion engine that can burn two fuels, the main fuel may become unavailable, either temporarily or until the main fuel is replenished. The present apparatus determines when to fuel an engine with main fuel and secondary fuel, or secondary fuel alone. The apparatus includes a main-fuel supply system comprising a main-fuel injection valve that introduces main fuel into an engine combustion chamber; a secondary-fuel injection system comprising a secondary-fuel injection valve that introduces secondary fuel directly into the combustion chamber; a pressure sensor associated with the main-fuel supply system for determining injection pressure inside the main-fuel injection valve; and an electronic controller in communication with the pressure sensor and programmable to separately command actuation of the secondary-fuel and the main-fuel injection valve when injection pressure is greater than a predetermined threshold, and to otherwise command actuation of the secondary-fuel injection valve and not the main-fuel injection valve.

An internal combustion engine comprises a fuel injection nozzle for injecting a gaseous fuel directly into the combustion chamber. shield, is installed in close proximity to the fuel injection nozzle, provides a shielded space around a hot surface igniter and restricts flow between the shielded space and the combustion chamber. The nozzle comprises a fuel injection port oriented to direct a fuel spray against a surface of the sleeve An inlet in the sleeve allows air and fuel to enter the shielded space to form a combustible mixture therein. The sleeve contains a substantial amount of the combustible mixture within the shielded space until it ignites and pressure builds within the shielded space to propel a combustion flame through at least one discharge opening and into contact with the fuel sprays emerging from the fuel injection nozzle.

The present invention recites a new method for manufacturing Group III-N field-effect devices, such as HEMT, MOSHFET, MISHFET devices or MESFET devices, grown by Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Expitaxy, with higher performance (power), by covering the surface with a thin SiN layer on the top AlGaN layer, in the reactor where the growth takes place at high temperature, prior cooling down the structure and loading the sample out of the reactor, as well as a method to produce some HEMT transistors on those heterostructures, by depositing the contact on the surface without any removal of the SiN layer by MOCVD. The present invention recites also a device.

An engine operating method and a direct injection gaseous fuelled system directly injects a gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber during a compression stroke, commands gaseous fuel injection pressure to a target value that is determined as a function of at least one pre-selected engine parameter, measures actual gaseous fuel injection pressure and adjusts fuel injection pulsewidth to correct for differences between the target value and the actual gaseous fuel injection pressure to thereby inject the desired mass quantity of gaseous fuel as determined from an engine map.

An engine operating method and a direct injection gaseous fuelled system directly injects a gaseous fuel into a combustion chamber during a compression stroke, commands gaseous fuel injection pressure to a target value that is determined as a function of at least one pre-selected engine parameter, measures actual gaseous fuel injection pressure and adjusts fuel injection pulsewidth to correct for differences between the target value and the actual gaseous fuel injection pressure to thereby inject the desired mass quantity of gaseous fuel as determined from an engine map.

The present disclosure provides DNA-guided CRISPR systems; polynucleotides comprising DNA, RNA and mixtures thereof for use with CRISPR systems; and methods of use involving such polynucleotides and DNA-guided CRISPR systems.

A roll changing apparatus for a four-high rolling mill comprises rails, provided in a rolling mill stand and on a work side of the rolling mill, for incoming and outgoing of a work roll assembly and a backup roll assembly, and a pusher, provided on a drive side or the work side of the rolling mill, for roll admission and withdrawal for both of work rolls and backup rolls. The roll changing apparatus can be modified into a side shift type roll changing apparatus with ease, at a low cost, and in a short time.

An apparatus for selectively extracting components of an input signal comprises a plurality of microphones for detecting an audio signal in a plurality of spaced locations. A plurality of signal samplers sample each spaced version of the audio signal. A microphone pattern processor derives a reference signal, a null signal and a core signal from the sampled signals. An adjustment frequency spectrum generator coupled to the null and reference signals generates an adjustment frequency spectrum signal that is applied to the core signal. An audio signal regenerator provides an output audio signal from the adjusted core signal. The apparatus can be used in a wireless device to pick up a speaker's voice in a noisy environment.

Systems and methods for designing systems that include computer applications hosted on hosting environments are disclosed. The hosting environments are modeled to include hosting environment settings and constraints placed on applications. The applications are also modeled to include application settings and constraints placed on the hosting environments. Hosting environment and application models are then used to validate designs by confirming that settings are in compliance with the constraints.

Multi-level file digests for electronic files are disclosed. A top level digest represents a single digest for the associated electronic file. Lower level digests represent digests for portions of the associated electronic file. The top level digest is derived from the lower level digests. The top level digest is useful for facilitating rapid comparison to determine whether electronic files are the same. In one embodiment, electronic files are encrypted with a block encryption scheme, and digests are efficiently calculated and stored on a block-by-block basis. Advantageously, when modifications to an encrypted electronic file occurs, only those modified blocks need to be processed to undergo decryption and re-encryption to determine the appropriate digest.

Methods for expressing active enzymes are described that involve co-expressing a first enzyme with a second enzyme that has an enzymatic activity that reverses a modification on the first enzyme and / or for identification of soluble and / or active catalytic domains by systematic variation of fragment lengths around catalytic domain boundaries.

The mobile vending apparatus can be transported to a desired venue such as a festival grounds, sports park, or the like, and is quickly and easily rendered operational for use by persons standing at ground level. The apparatus can include individual automatic vending units having lowered controls so as to be reachable from ground level, or the apparatus can include devices for lowering conventional vending machines to the ground or another surface.

A system includes a controller and a certificate authority. The controller is configured to control a process. The certificate authority (CA) is configured to issue and to revoke certificates, wherein the controller is configured to use the CA to mutually authenticate a user to enter into a secure mode of operation.

The invention discloses an IMSI protection method based on pseudonym, belonging to the field of communication safety. The method comprises: in an initial network accessing stage for a user, the user sends IMSI to HLR for authentication; after authentication, a pseudonym is generated for the user and is recorded into a database; then, according to the user pseudonym, HLR generates an authentication vector and authenticates the user by VLR; finally HLR sends a user pseudonym field in the user pseudonym to the user; and the user reconstructs and records the user pseudonym. In a secondary networkaccessing stage for the user, the user sends the user pseudonym to the HLR for authentication; if a database does not have the user pseudonym, authentication is reported to fail, otherwise, HLR generates a new user pseudonym and updates the database; then, the user is authenticated like initial network accessing; finally, HLR sends the user pseudonym field in the user pseudonym which is newly generated to the user; and the user reconstructs and records the user pseudonym. The method greatly improves the safety of IMSI, and the system is convenient to update.

A wafer container utilizes a rigid polymer tubular tower with slots and a “getter” therein for absorbing and filtering moisture and vapors within the wafer container. The tower preferably utilizes a purge grommet at the base of the container and may have a check valve therein to control the flow direction of gas (including air) into and out of the container and with respect to the tower. The tower is sealingly connected with the grommet. The tower may have a getter media piece rolled in an elongate circular fashion forming or shaped as a tube and disposed within the tower and may have axially extending. The media can provide active and / or passive filtration as well as having capabilities to be recharged. Front opening wafer containers for 300 mm sized wafers generally have a pair of recesses on each of the left and right side in the inside rear of the container portions. These recesses are preferably utilized for elongate towers, such towers extending substantially from a bottom wafer position to a top wafer position. In alternative embodiment, a tubular shape of getter material is exposed within the front opening container without containment of the getter other than at the ends. The tubular getter form is preferably supported at discrete locations to maximize exposure to the internal container environment. A blocker member can selectively close the apertures. An elastomeric cap can facilitate securement of the tubular component in the container portion.

The invention discloses a management method and a device of operation systems in an embedded system, which relate to the field of mobile communication and solve the problems of larger performance loss and higher product complexity caused when a plurality of operation systems run on a single CPU in the prior art. The embedded system in the embodiment comprises at least two operation systems. The method comprises the following steps of: receiving an interrupt instruction; storing the states of the operation systems which run currently; and switching the operation systems which run currently to target operation systems corresponding to the interrupt instruction. The method is mainly applied to the field of the mobile communication.

In an internal combustion engine that can burn two fuels, the main fuel may become unavailable, either temporarily or until the main fuel is replenished. The present apparatus determines when to fuel an engine with main fuel and secondary fuel, or secondary fuel alone. The apparatus includes a main-fuel supply system comprising a main-fuel injection valve that introduces main fuel into an engine combustion chamber; a secondary-fuel injection system comprising a secondary-fuel injection valve that introduces secondary fuel directly into the combustion chamber; a pressure sensor associated with the main-fuel supply system for determining injection pressure inside the main-fuel injection valve; and an electronic controller in communication with the pressure sensor and programmable to separately command actuation of the secondary-fuel and the main-fuel injection valve when injection pressure is greater than a predetermined threshold, and to otherwise command actuation of the secondary-fuel injection valve and not the main-fuel injection valve.

A method for a functional test of a wind turbine generator plant which comprises the following procedural steps: a control unit for the wind turbine generator plant reads in actual values from at least one structural part of the wind turbine generator plant and generates control signals for actuators of the wind turbine generator plant, a simulation unit has at least one input and at least one output as well as one or more mathematical models which depict the behaviour of one or more structural parts of the wind turbine generator plant, the control signals are applied to the input of the simulation unit and the modeled actual values of the models on the structural parts are applied to the output of the simulation unit, wherein the actual values of the simulation unit are applied to the input of the control unit and the control signals of the control unit are applied to the input of the simulation unit; the simulation unit models the actual values of the structural parts resulting for the control signals applied, for certain initial conditions.

A cellular communication system comprises a core network, a first access network not supporting circuit switched services and a second access network supporting circuit switched services. A user equipment detects that an application using circuit switched communication is initiated and accordingly initiates a reselection from the first to the second access network. The user equipment transmits a location update message to a circuit switch mobile switching centre of the core network which in response notifies a mobility management entity for the first access network that the access network reselection has been initiated. In response to the notification the mobility management entity initiates a change of a routing association from being with the first access network to being with the second access network. The invention may e.g. allow improved circuit switched fallback for a 3rd Generation Partnership Project cellular communication system comprising an access network supporting only packet switched services.

Disclosed is a method of tailoring infant formulas to individual nutrition needs prior to use. The method comprises (A) determining the desired volume and optimal caloric density of a formula to be fed to a preterm or low birth weight infant; (B) obtaining a plurality of base infant formulas, all in liquid form, comprising fat, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals, each of which has an osmolality of from about 200 to about 360 mOsm / kg water and a different caloric density within a range of from about 609 to about 1082 kcal / L; (C) selecting two of the base liquid formulas having a caloric density value above and below the optimal caloric density, (D) calculating the volume of each selected base formula needed to produce the desired volume of an infant formula blend having the optimal caloric density; (E) combining the calculated volumes to produce a an isotonic blend having the desired feeding volume and optimal caloric density. The formula is then fed to the preterm or low birth weight infant. Also disclosed is a hypercaloric infant formula suitable for use in the disclosed method, and infant formula kits comprising the plurality of base formulas and a device (e.g. calculator, computer program, chart with precalculated blend volumes) for calculating blend volumes.

The invention relates to a line-control key detecting-identifying device and a corresponding method which can identify the combined keys and can be applied to the terminal equipments so as to overcome the technical problems that the adoption of less signal lines cannot detect and identify more line-control keys and combined keys. The invention adopts proper resistances to lead the parallel circuits to be formed among branch circuits formed by keys and key resistances so as to obtain the distinguishable detection voltage at the detection terminal and then to achieve the purpose of detecting and identifying a plurality of line-control keys and combined keys by combining the software operation of a comparator, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a baseband processor, without increasing the hardware cost.

The invention discloses a device for operating a protocol stack and a method. The device comprises a protocol stack user process and a socket layer protocol agent module, wherein the protocol stack user process is used for operating the protocol stack in a user space independently of an application program process; and the socket layer protocol agent module is registered in a kernel space when a system is initialized and is used for communication between the application program process and protocol stack user process. The method comprises the following steps that: the protocol stack user process which is independent from the application program process operates in the user space, and when the system is initialized, the socket layer protocol agent module is registered in the kernel space; and the application program process is communicated with the protocol stack user process through the socket layer protocol agent module. Due to the utilization of the device and the method, the reliability, the information sharing degree and the compatibility of the protocol stack can be improved and the debugging, maintenance and development difficulty of software platform transplantation is reduced.

The mobile vending apparatus can be transported to a desired venue such as a festival grounds, sports park, or the like, and is quickly and easily rendered operational for use by persons standing at ground level. The apparatus can include individual automatic vending units having lowered controls so as to be reachable from ground level, or the apparatus can include devices for lowering conventional vending machines to the ground or another surface.

When selecting size of initial sleep window, the disclosed self-adapting sleep mechanism of comm system based on wireless mobile packets does not take a fixed value, instead select a suitable value based on previous features of window. Mean while, adjusting size of sleep window by self-adaptation, the invention reduces unnecessary conversion from sleep window to listening window of mobile station (MS) effectively so as to raise efficiency for saving power, prolong service time of batteries of MS, and raise use ratio of wireless resource. The method includes procedures: after MS awakens from a time of sleep mode, through a certain time of no service state, and enters into next time of sleep mode, the invention feeds back parameters of previous sleep state and traffic performance parameters to base station. Based on received information, base station calculates size of initial sleep window, and adjusted size of sleep window, and informs them to MS.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a frequency point selection method and device of a cognitive radio system. According to the technical scheme, a base station obtains interference measuring information of an idle frequency band capable of enabling the cognitive radio system to work at present, the frequency spectrum quality of the idle frequency band is evaluated according to the interference measuring information, according to an evaluation result, an idle frequency point which is most suitable for the cognitive radio system to work at present is selected as the work frequency point of the cognitive radio system, so that communication quality when the cognitive radio system uses idle frequency spectrum resources for communication is effectively improved, and meanwhile, according to the method, only interference measurement, frequency spectrum quality evaluation and frequency spectrum selection process are added in the cognitive radio system, an existing system is modified slightly, convenience for special implementation is increased, and device input cost is lowered.

The invention discloses an enhancement signal multiplexing technique of a multiple-input multiple-output system based on compressive sensing. On the basis of the existing MIMO technique and the existing related signal multiplexing technique of the MIMO system, a random measuring matrix in a compressive sensing technique is taken as a signal compressive multiplexing matrix; the sparse characteristic of the sending signals displayed on an overcomplete redundant dictionary is fully utilized; through adoption of a compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm, high-dimensional sending signals are solved from low-dimensional received multiplexing signals; therefore, the signal multiplexing gain is greatly improved under a condition that the number of the transceiving antennas of the MIMO system is stated; the application demand of the MIMO system for broadband transmission is satisfied well; and the technique provided by the invention has the advantages that a receiving end reconstructs multi-way data streams at a high probability through a mature optimum reconstruction algorithm in the compressive sensing field and the modification of the existing MIMO system is little, wherein the multi-way data streams are sent by a sending end through a compressive multiplexing step.

A strut (10) for hooking an engine (16) under a wing body assembly (12) of an aircraft comprises a rigid structure as well as a mechanism for hooking this structure under the wing body assembly. This mechanism comprises a front fastener (22), a rear fastener (24) and a structure (26) for absorbing thrust. To install an engine (16) of greater diameter under the wing body assembly (12) of an existing plane, the rear part (20b) of the strut (10) is given a width which increases as it progresses to the rear. Furthermore, the rear fastener (24) comprises two braces which are fixed on both sides of the rigid structure and two shackles which connect each of the braces to an additional transverse rib integrated into the wing body assembly.

Through content control gateway (CCG), computer communicates to inner network server (INS). CCG is setup in front of INS. Computer inside inner network includes working software of 'security desktop'. Encrypted tunnel is adopted between computer and CCG. Cipher mode is used for local computer to save files. Cipher key is setup at local computer. Based on working software of 'security desktop', working system uses cipher mode to save files in local computer, and carry out network transmission. When trying to access INS, terminal computer must log on CCG first. Based on authorization of terminal and condition to activate 'security desktop', CCG determines whether to execute accessing proxy. If 'security desktop' is not activated, then access from the terminal is refused, or 'security desktop' is forced to be turned to on to continue accessing. Through 'security desktop', terminal can only access CCG, and cannot access other network addresses.

The invention provides a self compensation floating swing arm independent suspension system, comprising a self compensation floating swing arm independent suspension device and a centrifugal force control scissors-type anti-roll bar device. The two mechanisms can be used in combination or independently and are applicable to both front wheels and rear wheels. The self compensation floating swing arm independent suspension system guarantees that wheels perform line bounce along a vertical direction of a car body on various kinds of road surfaces when a car runs at a low speed or at a high speed or makes turns and guarantees maximum contact area between the wheels and the road surfaces, with the parameters of king pin angle, toe-in angle, camber angle, wheel track, and axle base being maintained the same as original parameters; and, when the car makes turns, the centrifugal force control scissors-type anti-roll bar device works automatically, offsets a roll force with a force equal to the roll force in magnitude and opposite to the roll force in direction, and enables the car body to lower automatically, thereby improving anti-roll capacity and realizing idealization of controllability, safety, stability and comfort of the car. The self compensation floating swing arm independent suspension system has a simple structure, excellent performance, and low cost, and is easy to realize.