91results about How to "Save external space" patented technology

The invention discloses a two-wheel dynamic balance vehicle which comprises two wheels, a vehicle body, a middle cabin, a steering mechanism and a controlling rod. The vehicle body is arranged on the wheels, a pedal is arranged on the vehicle body, the middle cabin is arranged right above the pedal and comprises a shell, a display device is arranged on the shell for the convenience of an operator standing on the pedal to see man-machine interaction information, the steering mechanism is contained inside the shell and comprises a steering shaft and a sensor, the controlling rod is connected with the steering shaft at the rear end of the vehicle body and extends to a position suitable for leg control of the operator from the rear end of the vehicle body, and the controlling rod is controlled by the operator to rotate so as to drive the steering shaft to rotate to control steering of the vehicle body. The two-wheel dynamic balance vehicle enables the operator to see information displayed by the display device during driving for the convenience of timely knowing battery capacity and traveling state.

A box body lifting structure of a storage cabinet comprises cabinet bodies, a driving box body and a driven box body; the inner side of a left cabinet plate of the corresponding cabinet body and the inner side of a right cabinet plate of the corresponding cabinet body are provided with a front vertical sliding rail, a middle vertical sliding rail, a rear vertical sliding rail and a horizontal extensible sliding rail respectively; a vertical guide groove of every vertical sliding rail is fixed in the inner lateral side of the corresponding cabinet plate of the corresponding cabinet body; a front lifting plate is fixed between vertical sliding strips of each front vertical sliding rail and the corresponding middle vertical sliding rail; a rear lifting plate is fixed on a vertical sliding strip of each rear vertical sliding rail; a horizontal guide groove of each horizontal extensible sliding rail is fixed in the corresponding front lifting plate; the driving box body is connected between horizontal sliding strips of the horizontal extensible sliding rails which are arranged on the bilateral sides respectively; the driven box body is connected between the rear lifting plates which are arranged on the bilateral sides respectively; a top plate of each cabinet body is provided with a front pulley, a middle pulley, a rear pulley and two rear pulleys. According to the box body lifting structure of the storage cabinet, the driven box body automatically slides upward when the driving box body slides downward, the transposition of the driving box body and the driven box body can be achieved, and accordingly the fetch is convenient.

The invention relates to the field of circuit boards, and discloses a PCB rapid in heat dissipation. The PCB comprises a stepped groove and a stepped high-thermal-conductivity metal block which is arranged in the stepped groove, and solder paste is arranged between the top surface of the stepped high-thermal-conductivity metal block and a high-power component on the surface of the PCB; a conductive heat-conducting adhesive sheet is arranged between the shoulder of the stepped high-thermal-conductivity metal block and a metal layer adjacent to the stepped high-thermal-conductivity metal block.The stepped groove is formed in the PCB and the stepped high-thermal-conductivity metal block is embedded in the stepped groove so that heat generated by the high-power component and the metal layer in the PCB can be transmitted into air through the stepped high-thermal-conductivity metal block in time, the heat dissipation performance of the PCB is improved, the structure is simple, and the PCB is more convenient to process and install.

This invention discloses a linkage unit for a car air-conditioning door including a first air door, a second air door, a first door connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a rotary unit and a rotating shaft, in which, the first rod is connected with the first air door, the second is connected with the second air door, the two connecting rods are connected with the rotary shaft separately, said rotating unit drives the rotary shaft, which drives the two connecting rods to rotate to open or close the two doors. This invention also discloses a linkage device of car air-conditioning door.

The invention relates to a system and method for evaluating the floatability of particles, and belongs to the technical field of particle floatation. The problem that inaccurate evaluation is caused due to the fact that the floatability of samples can be judged only by induction time in the prior art is solved. The measurement system of floatation particle bubbles comprises a motion drive unit, avideo monitoring unit and a displacement acquisition unit; the displacement acquisition unit is used for measuring the critical desorption amplitude of the particles falling off from the bubbles; themotion drive unit is used for driving particle bubble flocs to perform simple harmonic vibration; the video monitoring unit is used for monitoring the adhesion state of the particles and the bubbles,and when the particles and the bubbles are desorbed, a data acquisition system collects the critical desorption amplitude. The test method comprises the steps that the bubbles are generated, the bubbles approach the samples, the data of inducing time is acquired, the samples, the bubbles and the flocs perform the simple harmonic vibration, and the data acquisition system acquires the amplitude. The system and method for evaluating the floatability of the particles realize the joint characterization of the particle floatability through the adhesion and desorption behavior between the particlesand the bubbles, and improve the accuracy of a test.

The invention relates to an efficient integrated oil tank integrating functions of settlement, cooling, filtration and adsorption and application of the efficient integrated oil tank. The integrated oil tank comprises a tank body, wherein a tank cover is arranged above the tank body, and is provided with an oil inlet pipe and an oil outlet pipe, a filter screen is arranged in the tank body, and divides the interior of the tank body into a left chamber and a right chamber, a sidewall cooling pipe is arranged in the left chamber, the oil inlet pipe is arranged in the right chamber, and the oil outlet pipe is arranged in the left chamber. A rotary cooling adsorption system is further arranged on the tank body, and can improve cooling and adsorption effects on hydraulic oil. Compared with the prior art, a rotatable cooling pipe, the filter screen and the rotary cooling adsorption system are added, and impurity settlement and filtering of the hydraulic oil and cooling of oil temperature can be completed. Meanwhile, the devices are all arranged in the oil tank, so that the outer space is saved and the arrangement of other hydraulic components is facilitated, diverse functions are integrated, the work efficiency is improved and the work space is saved.

The invention provides a separated hatchback door of an automobile. The separated hatchback door of the automobile comprises a rear door body and a glass window arranged on the rear door body. The upper end of the glass window is hinged to the upper portion of a rear door and window frame and a lock catch is arranged between the glass window and the window frame. According to the technical scheme, small articles can be conveniently and easily taken out of or stored into a trunk, external space needed when the door is opened is reduced, and the upward-lifting type glass window can serve as an emergency escape exit when an automobile accident happens or other emergencies occur.

The invention discloses a cooler of a heat pipe type wind generating set, comprising a heat pipe bundle, a cold-side fan, a hot-side circulating fan and a cold-side wind scooper, wherein the heat pipe bundle is arranged on a top plate of a power generating room and is divided into two parts, and the hot-side circulating fan is arranged into the power generating room. The invention has the advantages that: (1) a cooling fan can lead air to effectively form two circulating air paths in the power generating room and is helpful to immediately transferring heat generated by the wind generating set to the heat pipe bundle; (2) an integrated structure is compact and has small volume and light weight; and (3) the heat pipe is an inner-copper and outer-aluminum compound pipe, and an outer-layer aluminum pipe forms fins after carrying out a cold rolling process, therefore, the heat transfer area of the heat pipe is effectively increased.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of metallurgical equipment, and provides a direct type horizontal moving device of a working roll. The direct type horizontal moving device comprises a rack, a hydraulic cylinder, a fixed block and a roll bending block, wherein the fixed block is fixedly arranged on the rack, the hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the inner part of the fixed block, a movable end of the hydraulic cylinder is positioned in the roll bending block, and the hydraulic cylinder drivers the roll bending block to move in the fixed block in a reciprocating way under the guiding action of the fixed block. According to the direct type horizontal moving device provided by the invention, the roll bending block is directly driven through the hydraulic cylinder, the structure is compact, a tapered wedge, a tapered wedge cylinder and an auxiliary cylinder are omitted, the horizontal moving of the working roll and the roll exchanging operation can be simple and reliable, the use of various types of working roll bearing seats can be met, and the application is wide.

The invention discloses a full-automatic lock. The full-automatic lock comprises a lock box, a side panel, a main spring bolt assembly, an inclined bolt assembly and a gear case; a containing space isformed between the lock box and the side panel; the main spring bolt assembly, the inclined bolt assembly and the gear case are installed inside the containing space; through holes allowing a main spring bolt and an inclined bolt to extend out are formed in the side panel; a motor, a tank, a drive gear set and a rack board are arranged on the gear case; and on the one hand, the drive gear sets drives the rack board to move to control the main spring bolt assembly to be locked / unlocked, and on the other hand, a power output wheel rotates to drive a second gear in the inclined bolt assembly, then a second inclined bolt shifting fork is dragged to rotate to lift up or press a first drive piece or a second drive piece, the inclined bolt retracts or extends out of the side panel to be controlled by the motor, and full-automatic control over the lock is achieved. Besides, the motor of the full-automatic block is arranged inside the lock box, the outer space is not occupied, the appearance of the lock is regular, the lock is easy to mount, and the lock can be made smaller and thinner.

The invention relates to the technical field of thrust bearings of main shaft systems of submersible vehicles, and particularly discloses a thrust bearing device with a compact structure. A forward running end and a reverse running end adopt an asymmetric design form, an oil inlet and outlet pipe is arranged on a transition surface, and a supporting bearing bush and a forward running lantern ring adopt a conformal design; reverse running thrust blocks, forward running thrust blocks and the bush surface of the supporting bearing bush are made of a large-ratio shaft bush material, and the shell is of a high-strength steel plate welding structure, so that the overall weight, occupied size and the like of the thrust bearing can be greatly reduced, the mounting space of equipment on a submersible vehicle is saved, and the occupation of the overall weight resource of the submersible vehicle is reduced; and besides, vibration reduction cylinders are closely arranged behind an even number of the forward running thrust blocks which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, the vibration reduction cylinders are communicated through hydraulic pipelines and are connected with an energy accumulator structure to form a communicating device, so that the forward running thrust blocks in the circumferential direction are equal in stress, the stress can be balanced, and the situation that a single thrust block is excessively stressed and burnt due to installation and machining errors is avoided.

The invention discloses an engine timing cover lid structure. The engine timing cover lid structure comprises a timing cover lid body (1) and an engine oil scale tube (2) which is integrated with the timing cover lid body (1), wherein a boss (3) for mounting the engine oil scale tube (2) is arranged on the timing cover lid body (1); a welding bracket (4) is arranged on the engine oil scale tube (2), and has a hole for being sleeved on the boss (3); and the timing cover lid body (1) and the engine oil scale tube (2) are assembled together through the boss (3) and the hole which are mutually matched. With the special structure, the engine timing cover lid structure, through scientific and skillful design, integrates the engine oil scale tube in the timing cover lid, in order to save the external space and to avoid the problem of interference of the peripheral pieces, so the engine is compact; and the engine oil scale tube is not influenced even if relative accessories of the engine are designed and modified to adapt to different finished automobiles or transverse and vertical modification.

A pneumatic hidden type lifting structure of a wireless transmitting charger comprises an installation ground groove and a protection base, a telescopic fence is installed on the periphery of the protection base, a wireless transmitting plate is fixed to the bottom face of a protection cover plate, and a lifting air bag is installed in the protection base. Rodless air cylinders are arranged at theupper ends of the mounting ground grooves, and foreign matter removing scratching rods are mounted on sliding rails of the two rodless air cylinders; the two ends of the rodless cylinder are connected with the bottom of the lifting groove through connecting arms. The output end of the telescopic rod is connected with the traction rod. The lifting air bag is small in occupied space after being recycled and can be embedded into the ground or hidden in the mounting ground groove, the external space is saved, and attractiveness is good; accumulated water on the periphery of the whole charging device is guided into the drainage ditch through the water guide channel, the waterproof effect is good, and the accumulated water condition in rainy days is avoided; the foreign matter removing rod is arranged to be of a liftable structure, so that the foreign matter removing rod is placed at the position flush with the surface of the charger when not working, and damage caused by external force compression is effectively reduced.

The invention discloses an engine timing cover. The engine timing cover comprises a timing cover body (1) and an engine oil dipstick pipe (2) integrated with the timing cover body (1), wherein a boss (3) for mounting the engine oil dipstick pipe (2) is arranged on the timing cover body (1); a bolt hole is formed in the boss (3); a welding bracket (4) with a mounting hole is arranged on the engine oil dipstick pipe (2); and the boss (3) is connected with the welding bracket (4) through bolts. According to the engine timing cover with the special structure, the engine oil dipstick pipe is integrated in the timing cover through scientific and ingenious design, so that the external space can be saved, the problem of interference with peripheral parts can be solved, an engine is more compact, and the engine oil dipstick pipe is not involved even if the related accessories of the engine are designed and modified when the engine adopts to different finished automobiles or transverse and longitudinal modifications.

The invention relates to a constant-flow device. A logic control unit controls a first power tube to be conducted, a primary winding of a first transformer starts to store energy, a first comparator generates a signal for switching off the first power tube, and the energy stored by the first transformer is released by a secondary winding; according to a relation of a same phase of an auxiliary winding and the secondary winding, the demagnetization duty ratio of the auxiliary winding can be obtained, and a demagnetization duty ratio detection unit transmits a demagnetization duty ratio signal to a current gating unit and controls switching-on and switching-off of the current gating unit; a reference current unit is a pull-down current source and always discharges for a first capacitor, andwhen dynamic balance is achieved, the average current which flows in the current gating unit is equal to the pull-down current of the reference current unit. According to the constant-flow device, theoutput current is only related to the reference current of the reference current unit, constant-flow output is achieved during output of different voltages, any sampling resistor does not need to bearranged at the secondary side of the transformer, the outer space and cost are saved, and the whole efficiency is improved.

A wiring board with a power source plug wire guide wheel comprises a shell, an input power line connected with an outside power source, and a power supply structure which is arranged on the shell and is connected with the input power line. The power supply structure comprises a wheel carrier set which is arranged in the shell and is provided with an elastic recovery mechanism, an output power line, and a connecting socket which is arranged outside the shell. The wheel carrier set is composed of a main wheel carrier and at least one auxiliary wheel carrier, the input power line is arranged on the main wheel carrier in a winding mode, and the output power line is arranged on the auxiliary wheel carrier in a winding mode. One end of the output power line is connected with the input power line, and the other end of the output power line penetrates out of the shell and is connected with the connecting socket. The wiring board with the power source plug wire guide wheel has the advantages that the traditional mode that an external wiring plug of household appliances looks for the wiring board is changed to the mode that the wiring board looks for the household appliances, external wires do not need to be arranged on the household appliances any more, only a plug needs to be arranged, the effect of saving energy can be achieved, meanwhile, outside space is saved, the surrounding environment is made to be clean and tidy, and the flexibility of the wiring board in application is increased.

The invention discloses a gearbox. The gearbox comprises a gearbox casing, a power input shaft, an intermediate shaft and a power output shaft are arranged in the gearbox casing in a penetrated way, and each gear on the intermediate shaft is engaged with a gear on the power input shaft or gears on the power output shaft; the intermediate shaft is provided with first and second solenoids, a synchronizer is arranged between the first solenoid and the small gear of the intermediate shaft, and another synchronizer is arranged between the second solenoid and the large gear of the intermediate shaft; the gearbox casing, the power input and output shafts, the intermediate shaft and all the gears are made of non ferromagnetic materials, the synchronizers are made of permanent magnets, and the first and second solenoids control the synchronizers to move on the intermediate shaft; and a switching circuit which controls the current magnitudes and directions of the first and second solenoids is arranged outside the gearbox casing. The gearbox casing solves the problems that a present gearbox is complex in mechanical structure, large in friction force, easy to damage and not durable, and the service life of different components can be prolonged.

The invention discloses a four-layer reverse-flow type flue gas purification system. Each layer of reverse-flow type flue gas purification device comprises a material distribution layer, a desulfurization adsorption layer and a discharging layer from top to bottom, wherein the material distribution layer is used for receiving an activated carbon feeding material and uniformly distributing activated carbon on the desulfurization adsorption layer; the desulfurization adsorption layer is used for carrying out desulfurization purification treatment on flue gas; and the discharging layer is used for collecting used activated carbon and discharging. Each layer of reverse-flow type flue gas purification device further comprises a feeding port, a discharging port, a gas inlet and a gas outlet, wherein the feeding port is formed above the material distribution layer; the discharging port is formed below the discharging layer; the gas inlet is formed below the desulfurization adsorption layer; and the gas outlet is formed above the desulfurization adsorption layer and below the material distribution layer. Two layers of desulfurization and denitrification of an adsorption tower for dry desulfurization and denitrification is changed into four layers of desulfurization, so that the filling amount of activated carbon is greatly reduced, the investment cost is reduced, meanwhile, the desulfurization treatment capacity is enhanced, and the occupied area of a purification system is greatly reduced.

A combined fuel pump unit comprises a fuel pump, an activated carbon canister, a fuel-steam communication cavity and an air cleaning device; wherein the activated carbon canister is fixed on the bottom end surface of the flange of the fuel pump, and the air cleaning device and the fuel-steam communication cavity are fixed on the top end surface of the flange of the fuel pump; the activated carbon canister is communicated with a connector of a steam pipe on the top end surface of the flange of the fuel pump, the air cleaning device and the fuel-steam communication cavity; and the fuel-steam communication cavity is used for the communication between the activated carbon canister and an oil tank. The combined fuel pump unit provided by the invention is a device which is compact in structure, convenient to installation and efficient in collecting fuel steam.

The invention provides an overhang protective device of pipelines in the pit slot excavation process and a construction method thereof. The overhang protective device comprises two trusses of overhangmain brackets and two groups of steel wire ropes; the overhang main brackets are symmetrically arranged on soil layers on opposite sides of pit slots; and the steel wire ropes are symmetrically arranged, and one group of the steel wire ropes corresponds to one truss of the overhang main brackets. The specific construction method comprises the steps that the pipeline overhang positions and overhang main bracket heights are determined according to overhang pipeline lengths and forced conditions; lock fastening pieces are mounted on the pipeline overhang positions and upper portion cross bars ofthe overhang main brackets; fixing foundations and fixing blocks are mounted; the overhang main brackets are connected to the fixing foundations, binding rings are connected to the fixing blocks; andend portions of one ends of the steel wire ropes are connected with the lock fastening pieces of the pipelines, the other ends of the steel wire ropes penetrate through the fastening pieces of the overhang main brackets in a tension and extension mode and are fixed to the binding rings. The overhang protective device of the pipelines in the pit slot excavation process and the construction methodthereof can effectively protect and overhang the pipelines, and has the characteristics of simple device, balance stress, space-saving and convenient construction.

An integrated house comprises a flat plate type solar thermal collector, a hot water tank communicated with the solar thermal collector through a pipeline, a big tank body and a small tank body capable of contracting into and extending out of the big tank body. The depth of the small tank body is smaller than or equal to the depth of the big tank body. A frame of the big tank body and a frame of the small tank body are each formed by a steel structure. The steel structure of the big tank body comprises perpendicular groove-shaped wall body folding pieces. The integrated house is characterized in that the top in a groove of each wall body folding piece is connected with a connecting shaft in a pivoting mode, the end, located in the corresponding groove, of each connecting shaft is fixedly connected with one end of a connecting rod with a turning part, the end, located outside the bottom wall of the corresponding groove, of each connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a pivot edge of a canopy, the other end of each connecting rod is hinged to one end of a connecting plate, the other end of each connecting plate is hinged to a first piston rod of a first dual-acting cylinder in the groove of the corresponding wall body folding piece, and each first dual-acting cylinder is communicated with a hydraulic pump station through a hydraulic oil pipe. Through the upward acting force of gas supporting rods, the problem that when the canopy is lifted up, the torsion is large is solved, and meanwhile it can be ensured that after being lifted up, the canopy can fall back.

The present invention relates to a power-assisted connector, a power-assisted plug, and a power-assisted socket. The power-assisted connector includes a plug and a socket used in cooperation. The respective front ends of the plug and the socket are used as plugging ends. The plug and / or the socket are / is provided with a power-assisted differential pressure air path in communication with an intakeand exhaust device to form a power-assisted differential pressure area at the plugging ends. The respective front ends of the plug and the socket are used as plugging ends, and the power-assisted differential pressure area is formed at the plugging ends by means of the power-assisted differential pressure air path so as to provide force for assisting the insertion and extraction. When the plug isinserted, the negative pressure is maintained in the power-assisted differential pressure area by means of the exhaust device in order to provide force for assisting insertion. When the plug is pulledout, the positive pressure is maintained in the power-assisted differential pressure area by means of the exhaust device in order to provide force for assisting extraction. In addition, a manual flipping and unlocking operation is not required, and the insertion and extraction operations are optimized. Moreover, it is not necessary to provide a mechanical structure outside the plug, which saves external space.

The invention relates to a machining dust collecting device. The machining dust collecting device comprises a clamping assembly, a cutting assembly and a dust collecting assembly; the clamping assembly comprises a first working table, a driving module, a pipeline supporting ring, an inner ring support piece and a support plate; a pipeline is stably supported at the two ends and on the inner side of the pipeline; the cutting assembly comprises a third working table, a lifting module, a horizontal moving module, a cutting blade module and a powder dust collecting module which are combined to enable the cutting assembly to do lifting motion and left-right horizontal motion so as to determine a cutting position, and at the same time, the powder dust collecting module collects powder; and the dust collecting assembly comprises a second working table, a chipping collecting module and a shielding module which are cooperated to collect metal chippings. Supporting is carried out from the interior of the pipeline through structural deformation, so that the space is saved and smooth operation of a slicer is also facilitated; and in addition, dedusting equipment can adsorb scrap iron and collect powder in a multi-angle and multidirectional manner to obtain a clean working environment so as to facilitate health of an operator.

The invention provides a seal protecting structure of an output terminal of a DCDC convertor, comprising a DCDC convertor and an output terminal, wherein the DCDC convertor is provided with an inner notch at the position where the output terminal is arranged, and an output terminal box is embedded in the inner notch; the output terminal box is a semi-closed box body formed by enclosing a base and three baffles, wherein one upper surface and the outer side of the semi-closed box body are opened; the base and the bottom of the inner notch on the DCDC convertor are fixed; the left side surface, the right side surface and the inner side surface of the inner notch are respectively shielded by the three baffles, and a through hole is arranged at the copper bar extending position which corresponds to the output terminal of the DCDC converter on each baffle; the output terminal extends into the output terminal box through the through hole and is connected with an external line cluster by a hold-down nut; an L-shaped bin cover is arranged above the inner notch of the DCDC convertor; and the open surfaces of the output terminal box are covered. The structure can protect and seal the output terminal by isolating the output part from the inside of the DC / DC system, thereby playing a role of electromagnetic shielding and reducing the space occupation.

The invention provides a reciprocating moving part transient temperature detection device and an installation method thereof. A blind hole is machined inside the top end of the reciprocating moving part. The detection device comprises a temperature sensor installed in the blind hole and a temperature acquisition device arranged outside the reciprocating moving part. The blind hole is filled with high-temperature thermal conductive adhesive. The temperature sensor is connected with the temperature acquisition device through a spiral tubular cable. The technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages of easy operation, high temperature measurement precision, long working life, and high reliability. The problem that it is difficult to install the temperature sensor of a reciprocating moving part in a narrow space and the problem that a temperature sensor cannot be installed during temperature detection of a clutch friction plate and a steel plate in a transmission device are solved.

The invention discloses a simple clothes washing device, which comprises a shell seat, wherein the shell seat is provided with a lower accommodating chamber; an immersion cleaning device is arranged on the shell seat; a driving device is arranged in the lower accommodating chamber; the driving device is connected with the immersion cleaning device and drives the immersion cleaning device to act; the immersion cleaning device comprises a cylinder body and an openable cover body covered on the cylinder body; the cover body is provided with a water filling port; a first bucket is arranged in the cylinder body; the wall of the first bucket is provided with a plurality of flow holes, the bottom of the first bucket is provided with a plurality of openings, and water flows through the flow holes and the openings; the first bucket is assembled together with the driving device by a pivot and driven by the driving device to pivot relative to the cylinder body; and the clothes are stirred and cleaned or dehydrated by using the rotating centrifugal force. The simple clothes washing device has a simple structure, is favorable for production, has small volume and big capacity, can be directly injected with water and drain water, and is convenient to use.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical equipment accessories, and in particular to a telescopic binding device for a mobile electrocardiograph. The telescopic binding device comprises a fixing base and an electrocardiograph body positioned above the fixing base, wherein lateral fixing racks are fixedly connected to positions, which are positioned on two sides of the electrocardiograph body, of the upper surface of the fixing base; the electrocardiograph body is clamped into the lateral fixing racks and then is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the fixing base; a downwards raised assembling block is arranged on the lower surface of the fixing base; and an arc-shaped assembling groove is formed in the lower surface of the assembling block. According to the telescopic binding device for the mobile electrocardiograph disclosed by the invention, a containing blind hole with a built-in telescopic containing box is formed in a central position of the assembling groove, and an elastic telescopic connecting bandage inside the containing box is fixedly connected with a fixture, so that the outer space is greatly saved, the telescopic binding device is convenient to take along, and the functionality and practicability are greatly enhanced.