The invention discloses an alternarin tenuazonic acid artificial antigen, a polyclonal antibody, a preparation method and application, and particularly discloses an artificial antigen obtained by coupling a compound (formula I) serving as a tenuazonic acid hapten, a hapten TAO, bovine serum albumin, hemocyanin and other macromolecular protein, a polyclonal antibody prepared from the artificial antigen and application of the artificial antigen and the polyclonal antibody to tenuazonic acid detection. TA (tenuazonic acid) can be detected by setting up an indirect competitive ELISA method, a theoretical basis is provided for a TA immunological detection method, a foundation is laid for further developing and detecting TA immunology fast detection products, and a new path is provided for setting up the TA immunological detection method, developing the TA immunological series products, and fast and efficiently monitoring TA contamination conditions.