The invention discloses a water-solubility polyphenylene sulfide which has a structure formula as shown in the specification. The polyphenylene sulfide dissolves in water and saturated salt water and does not dissolve in methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylacetylamide, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, acetone, chloroform and ethanol; or the polyphenylene sulfide dissolves in the water and the saturated salt water, slightly dissolves in methyl pyrrolidone, dimethylacetylamide and ethanol, and does not dissolve in tetrahydrofuran, toluene, acetone and chloroform, wherein R is N<+>(CH3)3CL<->, NH<+>(CH3)2CL<->, N<+>(CH2CH2OH)3CL<-> and NH<+>(CH2CH2OH)2CL<->. Or the invention further discloses a preparation method of the water-solubility polyphenylene sulfide. The water-solubility polyphenylene sulfide prepared by the invention has the advantages of good water-solubility, temperature resistance and salt resistance, can be expected to not only broaden application of the water-solubility polyphenylene sulfide in the field of water-solubility functional polymer but also is applied to the fields with worst working environment, such as oil field, paper making, waste water treatment and the like.