The invention belongs to the field of
optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a three-layer step type
optical fiber structure which has a wide bending
radius sensing range and high bending sensitivity on the premise that bending loss can be resisted. By regulating and controlling the
refractive index of the second layer of the
fiber core, balance between low bending loss and high bending sensitivity is achieved. And meanwhile, two groups of spatially separated acoustic
modes are excited under a specific
refractive index condition, so that double
Brillouin gain peaks can be formed. Specifically, when the
refractive index of the second layer of the
fiber core changes, the characteristics of optical and acoustic
modes and opto-acoustic interaction are studied, and finally a W-type
optical fiber structure with excellent performance is determined. The structure has a wider bending
radius sensing range and higher bending sensitivity while keeping a good bending loss resistance characteristic. In a word, the optical
fiber structure provided by the invention has important application value in the field of optical fiber double-physical parameter distributed sensing, and a new thought is provided for realizing high-performance Brillouin bending sensing.