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35 results about "Eardrum" patented technology

In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and then to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea. Hence, it ultimately converts and amplifies vibration in air to vibration in fluid. The malleus bone bridges the gap between the eardrum and the other ossicles.

Self-adaptive noise reduction and health early warning integrated system based on auditory meatus physiological features

PendingCN121792908AEar treatmentAlarmsAural pressureFrequency spectrum
The invention relates to the technical field of earphone noise reduction, in particular to a self-adaptive noise reduction and health early warning integrated system based on auditory meatus physiological characteristics, and adopts the technical scheme that a multi-mode sensor array is integrated on the inner side of an earphone earplug; distance data in different directions of the auditory meatus and microenvironment data in the auditory meatus are collected, the contact pressure between an earplug and the auditory meatus wall is detected, the adaptability of a noise reduction individual is enhanced, model parameters are updated in modeling logic of the collected data, and the problem of adaptation failure caused by model fixation is avoided; aNC parameters are subjected to two-dimensional optimization based on the auditory meatus physiological model and the environmental noise spectrum, leakage of low-frequency noise is made up, ear pressure swelling pain is avoided, stimulation of high-pressure signals to the tympanic membrane is reduced, a frequency response curve is dynamically adjusted on the basis of adaptive parameters of the auditory meatus model, and the noise reduction effect and comfort level balance are achieved; closed-loop linkage of ear canal features, noise reduction parameters and health states is achieved through a health risk identification logic and linkage protection measure combined algorithm, and the problem that health monitoring and noise reduction linkage is lacked is solved.
Owner:陵水安声科技有限公司

Signal transmission device; Electronic device; Method for reversibly connecting an electronic device; Method for changing different devices

A signal transmission device, an electronic device, a method for reversibly connecting an electronic device, and a method for changing different devices are proposed, in which, in particular, a conducted (e.g., wired) loudspeaker, especially a piezo loudspeaker (2), which is attached to the eardrum (3) and excites it to vibrate, is used, wherein the ear canal (4) generally remains open and the natural acoustic transparency of the outer ear is maintained, since the signal transmission from the electronic device to the loudspeaker and the necessary otoplastic measures are generally placed at least partially outside the ear canal (4).
Owner:BOCK FRIEDRICH

Real ear sound pressure level measurement for a hearing device

Disclosed herein, among other things, are systems and methods for sound pressure level measurement for hearing devices. Various aspects include a method for sound pressure level measurement using self-mixing interferometry. The method includes directing a coherent light signal towards an eardrum of a user using an optical generation device, directing an audio signal towards the eardrum of the user using an audio generation device, and sensing a reflected light signal from the eardrum of the user using an optical sensor device. Displacement of the eardrum caused by the audio signal is computed using the reflected light signal, and real ear sound pressure level (SPL) at the eardrum is computed based on the displacement of the eardrum.
Owner:STARKEY LABORATORIES INC

Earbud with a built-in thermometer

An earbud includes a housing, a thermometer module and a speaker module. The housing defines a passageway having a passageway opening. The thermometer module is disposed in the housing, and receives infrared radiation from an eardrum via the passageway. The speaker module is disposed in the housing, and is operable to generate sound waves that travel through the passageway toward the eardrum. The speaker module cooperates with the housing and the thermometer module to define an infrared radiation path and a sound wave path within the passageway that are separated from each other and that are for the infrared radiation from the eardrum and the sound waves generated by the speaker module to respectively travel therethrough.
Owner:PRECISION SENSORS DESIGN INC +1

Acoustic processing device

The present disclosure relates to an acoustic processing device that can suppress the occurrence of excessive atmospheric pressure changes in the eardrums of a user. Provided is an acoustic processing device comprising: a driver unit having a diaphragm; and a housing in which the driver unit is housed. The diaphragm has a vent hole that communicates a first space on a first surface side of the driver unit in the housing and a second space on a second surface side on the reverse side of the first surface. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, an earphone device.
Owner:SONY GROUP CORP

Ear drum lesion area segmentation system based on ear canal endoscope image

InactiveCN121661073AImage enhancementImage analysisComputer visionCholangioma
The invention relates to the technical field of region segmentation, in particular to an ear drum lesion region segmentation system based on an ear canal endoscope image. According to shape features of different connected domains in a lesion area and gray level distribution of pixel points, noise connected domains are screened out; taking other connected domains except the noise connected domain as target connected domains, and obtaining the gray dispersion of each target connected domain according to the gray distribution of the pixel points in each target connected domain; according to the gray dispersion of the different target connected domains, obtaining a cholanoma connected domain cluster and a calcification spot connected domain cluster; and according to the position distribution of the connected domains between the cholangioma connected domain cluster and the calcification spot connected domain cluster and the gray level distribution of the pixel points in the calcification spot connected domain under different frames, obtaining an overlapping region between the calcification spot connected domain cluster and the cholangioma connected domain cluster, and carrying out region segmentation. According to the invention, the accuracy of region segmentation is improved by accurately identifying the overlapped region of the calcified spot on the lipoma.
Owner:YANAN UNIV AFFILIATED HOSPITAL

Or relating to earpieces

An apparatus for detecting ear structure movements or changes, or changes in pressure in the ear-canal of a user, in order to control or affect the function of an associated device. The apparatus includes a sensor apparatus capable of being worn by the user to be located in or adjacent an ear-canal of the user. The sensor apparatus includes at least one sensor being located and configured to detect and capture sensor data relating to middle ear, ear-drum complex, ear-drum margin, and / or other ear structure movements or changes of characteristics, or changes in pressure in the ear-canal of the user. A device is provided for processing and analysing sensor data from the sensor apparatus. The device analyses sensor data concerning: eye movement or directional auditory attention or focus data, and / or voluntary control data.
Owner:EARSWITCH LTD

Headphone with reflection sound cone

The utility model discloses a headphone with a reflection sound cone, which comprises a headband and earmuff assemblies connected to two ends of the headband, each earmuff assembly comprises an earphone main body and a sounding unit, each sounding unit comprises a loudspeaker front cavity support, a woofer, a PCBA mainboard and a loudspeaker rear cavity support, the woofer is arranged between the loudspeaker front cavity support and the loudspeaker rear cavity support, and the reflection sound cone is arranged between the loudspeaker front cavity support and the loudspeaker rear cavity support. The PCBA main board is arranged on the loudspeaker rear cavity support, a reflection sound cone is arranged in the center of the inner side of the loudspeaker front cavity support, the reflection sound cone and the woofer are coaxially arranged, and the reflection sound cone extends and protrudes towards the direction of the woofer. According to the headphone with the reflection sound cone provided by the utility model, sound waves emitted from the woofer are radiated by 360 degrees in all directions through the reflection sound cone, so that the sound waves entering the auditory meatus are diffused from the center to the periphery, the direct impact of the sound waves on eardrums is reduced, and a user can listen to sound more softly.
Owner:SHENZHEN MENGQU LIFE TECH CO LTD

Earphone

PCT designated stageWO2026034507A1Earpiece/earphone attachmentsExternal Auditory CanalsHeadphones
[Problem] The objective is to provide an earphone which allows a driver to be disposed close to a mesh member, with improved fit for the user when an ear tip body section is fitted into the external auditory canal. [Solution] The earphone comprises: an earphone body section 15 having an external auditory canal insertion part 32 to be inserted into an external auditory canal 102 of a user; and an ear tip body section 50 to be inserted into the external auditory canal. The earphone body section includes a driver 35 provided in an internal space of the external auditory canal insertion part. The ear tip body section includes: a first mesh member 57 located on the user eardrum side of the external auditory canal insertion part; and an ear tip part 60 comprising a fixed part 61 formed on the outer peripheral side of the first mesh member, a connected part 71 detachably connected to the outer peripheral part of the external auditory canal insertion part, and an outer peripheral side annular part 75 located on the outer peripheral side of the fixed part.
Owner:FOSTER ELECTRIC CO LTD

Ear tag type auditory meatus temperature monitoring device

PendingCN121720614AThermometer detailsRadiation pyrometryExternal Auditory CanalsEar Auricle
The invention belongs to the field of clinical contact thermometers of animals, and particularly provides an ear tag type auditory meatus temperature monitoring device. The device comprises an ear tag body, the ear tag body comprises a shell, a controller and a battery are arranged in the shell, a flexible piece is led out of the ear tag body, the flexible piece can deform to be in the state of being matched with the shape of an external auditory canal and is used for being inserted into the external auditory canal, a temperature measuring probe is arranged at the tail end of the flexible piece and electrically connected with the controller, and a clamping arm is arranged at one end of the shell. A clamping space is formed between the clamping arm and the shell, the clamping arm can be opened and closed through elastic deformation and is used for being clamped on the auricle of an animal, one of the clamping arm and the shell is provided with a conical head used for penetrating through the auricle, and the other one of the clamping arm and the shell is provided with a fixing base allowing the conical head to be clamped in. According to the device, the temperature measuring probe can be fixed in the external auditory canal, the eardrum temperature at a relatively constant position can be accurately measured, the temperature measuring and monitoring device is prevented from falling off due to animal movement in cooperation with clamping and fixing of the clamping arm and the shell, and stress reaction of animals is avoided.
Owner:HENAN UNIV OF SCI & TECH

A four-in-one in-ear hearing aid earphone

The application discloses a four-in-one in-ear hearing aid earphone, which comprises two earphones, each of which is provided with a shell; a bone conduction hearing aid device is arranged in the inner cavity of the first side of the shell of each earphone; a loudspeaker sounding device is arranged in the inner cavity of the second side of the shell of each earphone; a control circuit is electrically connected with the bone conduction hearing aid devices and the loudspeaker sounding devices of the two earphones respectively, and is used for controlling the two bone conduction hearing aid devices and the two loudspeaker sounding devices to simultaneously output audio signals input to the control circuit by a sound pickup device. The four sounding units simultaneously conduct sound waves, the hearing aid effect is better, the four-in-one in-ear hearing aid earphone is suitable for people with damage, inflammation or functional degradation of ear canal, eardrum, middle ear or inner ear, and is also suitable for specific people with damage, degradation or tissue lesions of bone tissue such as skull, and is flexible to use, and has better compatibility and universality.
Owner:DAI3MIMI HEALTHTECH LTD

Devices for at-home physical examination of the ear and ear canal

A diagnostic device is configured to capture diagnostic information about a subject (e.g., the subject's ears). The diagnostic device may include a diagnostic extension housing diagnostic elements (e.g., imaging chip, light sources, or lenses) and an ear canal engagement section coupled to the diagnostic extension. The ear canal engagement section may be shaped to position the diagnostic extension superiorly within the ear canal. For example, one side of the ear canal engagement section may be longer than another, which may enable the ear canal engagement section to contact the inferior wall of the ear canal for a longer distance than it contacts the superior wall. This configuration may allow more movement of the diagnostic extension when the device is inserted into the ear, which further improves the alignment of diagnostic elements with a desired area of the car for diagnoses (e.g., the eardrum).
Owner:BOUCHER RYAN

Split external ear drum sound transmission stethoscope

PendingCN121606310AStethoscopeEarpiece/earphone attachmentsExternal earsSTETHOSCOPE HEAD
The invention discloses a split external eardrum sound transmission stethoscope. The split external eardrum sound transmission stethoscope comprises a stethoscope body and external earphones. The stethoscope is of an I-shaped structure and is composed of a handle, a connecting rod and a stethoscope head, a controller, a power source assembly and a detection layer are arranged in the stethoscope, and sound signals can be collected, processed and wirelessly transmitted. The external earphone comprises two earphone heads and an ear clip, and sound is transmitted to an ear drum of a user through signal receiving, conversion and amplification. According to the scheme, the split design is adopted, and the external earphone prevents the auditory meatus from being pressed; a multi-stage signal processing module is integrated, sound collection, noise reduction, amplification and digital transmission are achieved, and it is guaranteed that signals are clear; main and standby power supplies and a wireless charging function are arranged, the endurance reliability is improved, and backtracking analysis is supported; and the wireless transmission and the split structure improve the operation flexibility, are suitable for long-time use, and have the advantages of convenience and digitization of traditional equipment.
Owner:SHENZHEN FUTIAN DISTRICT MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH HOSPITAL

Photocuring adhesive for forming coated nail film and forming method of photocuring adhesive

The invention relates to the technical field of curing molding, in particular to a photocuring adhesive for coating type nail film molding and a molding method thereof.The molding method comprises the steps that a nail film feature area image is obtained and divided into a colloid area and a blank area, and the actual wrapping degree of the feature area is determined based on the total number of pixels of the colloid area and the blank area; determining the membrane attachment positioning condition; in response to a nail film lamination positioning condition, obtaining colloid characteristic parameters of the photocuring glue in a pre-curing process according to an initial detection period, and determining a real-time deviation rate of pre-curing based on an actual variable quantity of the colloid characteristic parameters; and in response to the curing degree, adjusting the total light energy dose corresponding to the illumination parameters of the pre-curing and the main curing based on the deviation ratio and the correction coefficient, and correcting the initial preset illumination intensity and illumination duration of the pre-curing and the main curing. The light curing parameters are predicted, regulated and controlled according to the colloid characteristic parameters of the light curing glue and the curing degree, and the finished product quality is improved.
Owner:XIAN YIYUN COSMETICS CO LTD

Microphone position adjustment method, device, system and readable storage medium

The application discloses a microphone position adjusting method, device, system and readable storage medium, and the method comprises the following steps: when detecting that the earphone is inserted into the ear, determining a target distance between the microphone and the eardrum of a user; emitting a positioning signal through the loudspeaker, and determining the current position of the microphone according to the time when the microphone receives the positioning signal; and adjusting the current position according to the target distance. According to the application, the target distance between the microphone and the eardrum of a user and the current position of the microphone in the earphone are determined, the current position of the microphone is adjusted according to the target distance, the distance between the microphone and the eardrum of a user is reduced, and the noise reduction performance of the feedback noise reduction earphone is improved.
Owner:GEER TECH CO LTD

A kind of external use ear drop for promoting auditory nerve growth and its preparation method

The application belongs to the technical field of biological medicine preparation, and particularly relates to an external use ear drop for promoting auditory nerve growth and a preparation method thereof. The composition raw materials comprise the following components: active small molecules, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl monostearate, soybean lecithin, vitamin E succinate, Tween-80, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, penetration aid, penetrant, sodium cholate, N-acetyl cysteine, F127 surfactant, F68 surfactant and sodium hyaluronate. Through the synergistic effect of the crystalline lipid core, the positive chitosan quaternary ammonium salt shell, the heat-sensitive in-situ gel outer layer and the mild penetration system, the drug is long-acting retained, smoothly released and efficiently penetrated into the inner ear target area under the condition of not puncturing the eardrum, and the synergistic system significantly improves the stability, local exposure and treatment efficiency of the drug.
Owner:顾虹

Automatic pressure control system and method for hyperbaric oxygen chamber for detecting pressure equilibrium state between outer ear and middle ear

PCT designated stageWO2026049070A1Breathing protectionTreatment roomsMiddle earReflected waves
In an automatic pressure control system for a hyperbaric oxygen chamber for detecting the pressure equilibrium state between an outer ear and an inner ear, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one processor may be configured to: calculate an admittance of an eardrum on the basis of the energy level of output waves output from a speaker and the energy level of reflected waves input from a microphone; determine whether a pressure equilibrium state has occurred, on the basis of a change in the calculated admittance; and control an air supply valve on the basis of the determination of whether a pressure equilibrium state has occurred.
Owner:IBEX MEDICAL SYST

Submerged pump with noise reduction function and using method thereof

The invention discloses a submerged pump with a noise reduction function and a using method thereof.The submerged pump comprises a submerged pump mechanism and a noise reduction mechanism, the top of the surface of the submerged pump mechanism is sleeved with the noise reduction mechanism, the noise reduction mechanism comprises a noise reduction cylinder, and the top and the bottom of an inner cavity of the noise reduction cylinder are both fixedly connected with sound absorption rings; and sound insulation plates are fixedly connected to the inner sides of the sound absorption rings, sound transmission holes are formed in the top of the noise reduction cylinder, connecting round head blocks are fixedly connected to the two sides of the top of the noise reduction cylinder correspondingly, rubber plates are fixedly connected to the tops of the connecting round head blocks, and foam sound absorption plates are fixedly connected to the tops and the bottoms of the rubber plates correspondingly. According to the submerged pump, the phenomenon that no noise reduction structure exists traditionally is changed, various noise reduction structures are adopted for noise reduction treatment, the surrounding environment cannot be affected, eardrums of workers cannot be harmed, hearing of the workers cannot be damaged, and the comfort degree of the working environment of the workers cannot be affected.
Owner:HUIMAO ELECTRONIC COMPONENT KUNSHAN CO LTD

An acquisition method, system and storage medium for an ear mold three-dimensional model

The present application relates to the technical field of image processing, and especially relates to a method and system for acquiring a three-dimensional model of an ear mold and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: if the acquisition parameter of an acquisition probe is lower than a preset acquisition parameter threshold, the acquisition probe is inserted into the entrance of an ear canal to acquire an image of a concha cavity; the contour boundary of the concha cavity is recognized by using the image of the concha cavity, an entrance reference surface is generated, and an anti-tragus fitting point is determined; the outer ear canal region is recognized according to the contour boundary of the concha cavity, an image of the outer ear canal is acquired, a center line of the ear canal is extracted and a cross-sectional dimension is measured, and an eardrum curved surface is constructed; the eardrum curved surface is subjected to hole repair and smoothing processing, the rationality of the eardrum structure is verified, and a standard three-dimensional ear mold file is exported. The present application realizes the automatic generation of a standard three-dimensional ear mold based on image processing technology, and improves the reconstruction accuracy and matching rate of the ear mold.
Owner:HUIZHOU HONGXUANHE TECH CO LTD

Hearing excitation system and method for operating a hearing excitation system

PendingUS20260040011A1Optical signal transducersIntra aural earpiecesTransducerThermal deformation
Hearing excitation system for an eardrum (16), comprising a signal generator (17) and an optomechanical transducer (18) for exciting a vibration of an eardrum (16). The signal generator (17) is designed to emit a light signal (20) such that the light signal (20) hits the optomechanical transducer (18) and the light signal (20) triggers thermal deformation in the optomechanical transducer (18). The optomechanical transducer (18) is designed such that the thermal deformation causes a change in the curvature of the optomechanical transducer (18), as a result of which a surface portion (30, 31) of the optomechanical transducer (18) is deflected. The invention also relates to a method for operating a hearing excitation system.
Owner:MEDIZINISCHES LASERZENTRUM LUEBECK GMBH +1

In-canal hearing device including sealed vibratory transducer

An ear-wearable electronic device comprises a housing configured for deployment at least partially within an ear canal of a wearer, sound processing circuitry, and a vibratory transducer disposed in the housing and coupled to the sound processing circuitry. The vibratory transducer comprises an oscillator arrangement disposed in a sealed case. The vibratory transducer is configured to generate output signals in the form of audible sound transmissible via air conduction to an eardrum of the wearer and vibratory signals for stimulating a cochlea of the wearer via transcranial bone conduction.
Owner:STARKEY LABORATORIES INC

Multi-modal nerve monitoring system

PendingCN121463910AInternal electrodesSensorsEye Movement MeasurementsEyewear
Systems and techniques are presented herein for collecting eye movement data that is complementary to neural measurements / measurements (e.g., EEG measurements, inner ear measurements, or other electrophysiological measurements) obtained by an implantable component / device using an external component / device. Receiver eye movement may be tracked directly (e.g., with smart glasses) and / or indirectly (e.g., using eye movement related tympanic membrane oscillation (EMREO) measurements). Systems and techniques presented herein may use implantable components (e.g., cochlear implants, EEG implants, etc.) to obtain electrophysiological measurements from a recipient. In accordance with aspects presented herein, electrophysiological measurements and eye movement measurements are analyzed together to, for example, diagnose a medical condition, predict or characterize a medical event, and the like.
Owner:COCHLEAR LIMITED

Earphone

To provide an earphone in which a driver can be arranged close to a mesh member and which can improve a user's wearing feeling when an ear chip body part is worn in an external auditory canal.SOLUTION: The earphone includes an earphone body part 15 having an external auditory canal insertion part 32 to be inserted into an external auditory canal 102 of a user, and an ear chip body part 50 to be inserted into the external auditory canal. The ear chip main body portion includes the first mesh member 57 located on the eardrum side of the user with respect to the external ear canal insertion portion, and the ear chip portion 60 including the fixed portion 61 formed on the outer peripheral side of the first mesh member, the connected portion 71 detachably connected to the outer peripheral portion of the external ear canal insertion portion, and the outer peripheral side annular portion 75 located on the outer peripheral side of the fixed portion.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4
Owner:FOSTER ELECTRIC CO LTD

Hearing aid comprising a combined feedback and active noise cancellation system

A hearing aid comprises a forward path comprising a) an input transducer for converting sound (x(n), v(n)) in an environment around the hearing aid to an electric input signal (y(n)) representing said sound; b) a hearing aid processor for processing said electric input signal (y(n)), or a signal originating therefrom (e(n)), and to provide a processed signal (u(n)) based thereon; c) an output transducer for converting said processed signal (u(n)), or a signal originating therefrom (ua(n)), to acoustic stimuli presented to said eardrum of the user. The hearing aid further comprises d) a feedback control system for attenuating or cancelling feedback propagated via a feedback path (H) from an electric input signal to said output transducer to an electric output from said input transducer.
Owner:OTICON

Electric ear washer

The invention discloses an electric ear washing device, and relates to the technical field of ear washing devices, the electric ear washing device comprises a water purifying tank, a sewage tank and a shell, the sewage tank is detachably installed on the water purifying tank, the shell is installed on the top of the water purifying tank, a back plate is installed on one side of an inner cavity of the shell, and a rotary washing assembly is installed on the back plate. By using the rotary flushing assembly, the cleaning head and the cleaning protrusions enter the ear canal, the spiral or columnar cleaning protrusions make contact with the inner wall of the ear canal so that soft wiping can be achieved, meanwhile, the cleaning head is driven by the driving assembly to rotate, and in the rotating process, the cleaning protrusions can also rotate to clean the ear canal; meanwhile, cleaning water is sprayed out through the flushing holes to contact with the side wall of the ear canal, the situation that water flow is directly sprayed to the deep position of the ear canal to hurt eardrums can be avoided, the deeper position of the ear canal is prevented from being stimulated, and the comfort can be improved while the cleaning effect is improved.
Owner:深圳巴瑞技术有限公司

Eardrum (lifelong hearing)

1. Name of the product in this design: Eardrum (Lifelong Hearing). 2. Purpose of this design: for use in eardrums. 3. The key design feature of this product is its shape. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the design's key points: 3D view 1. 5. From 3D diagrams 1 and 2, we can see the top view and right view. The top view and right view are omitted.
Owner:EARDRUM CO LTD

In-canal hearing device including sealed vibratory transducer

An ear-wearable electronic device comprises a housing configured for deployment at least partially within an ear canal of a wearer, sound processing circuitry, and a vibratory transducer disposed in the housing and coupled to the sound processing circuitry. The vibratory transducer comprises an oscillator arrangement disposed in a sealed case. The vibratory transducer is configured to generate output signals in the form of audible sound transmissible via air conduction to an eardrum of the wearer and vibratory signals for stimulating a cochlea of the wearer via transcranial bone conduction.
Owner:STARKEY LABORATORIES INC

A middle ear prosthesis vibration conduction detection device and system

The application discloses a middle ear prosthesis vibration conduction detection device and system, the vibration conduction detection device includes sound source, outer ear model, detection chamber and vibration detection mechanism, artificial eardrum is arranged between outer ear model and detection chamber;The detection chamber is used for placing the middle ear prosthesis, and the middle ear prosthesis can vibrate with artificial eardrum, and the vibration detection mechanism is used for detecting the vibration amplitude and frequency of the middle ear prosthesis.The application builds the physical model of middle ear vibration, and the vibration conduction detection equipment is composed of the structure such as sound source, outer ear model, artificial eardrum, detection chamber and vibration detection mechanism, namely the conduction process of middle ear vibration can be simulated, the vibration amplitude and frequency of the middle ear prosthesis are measured through the vibration detection mechanism, the vibration curve of the characteristic point of the middle ear prosthesis can be acquired, and the vibration conduction effect of the middle ear prosthesis is evaluated, which provides a feasible research mode for realizing the qualitative evaluation of middle ear sound conduction.
Owner:PEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL